“…By the end of the twentieth century, grafting had gained popularity in many horticultural systems worldwide, including herbaceous crops (solanaceous and cucurbits) grown under a wide array of cultivation conditions, both in open field or greenhouse (Fullana-Pericàs et al, 2020). Nowadays, the graftinduced modifications of scion phenotype are well documented for a multitude of horticultural crops, including pivotal traits such as yield potential (Mauro et al, 2020b), canopy traits (Zhu et al, 2020), fruit ripening period (Burak et al, 2008), tolerance to non-optimal thermal regimes (Singh et al, 2020;Gisbert-Mullor et al, 2021), drought or root hypoxia (Mauro et al, 2020a;Prinsi et al, 2021), mineral toxicity (Cangi et al, 2020), soil nutrient deficiency or salinity (Nawaz et al, 2016;Semiz and Suarez, 2019), along with tolerance/resistance to plant pathogens and pests (Haroldsen et al, 2012). Thus, in the view of increasing yield stability and crops' resilience in future agriculture, it is to be expected that grafting will have increasing importance, as it helps also to combine different desirable traits addressing multiple stressors, without the undesirable combinatorial or pleiotropic effects often generated by breeding programs (Rouphael et al, 2018).…”