Effect of solvent pre-treatment on the physicochemical, thermal profiles and morphological behavior of Mangifera pajang seed fat

Abstract

In this work, the effect of solvent pre-treatment (hexane, petroleum ether and ethanol) on the physicochemical, thermal and morphology behavior of Mangifera pajang seed fat (MPSF) were investigated. Fat extraction was performed using Soxhlet method, and results showed that the yield, physicochemical, and crystalline structures of the MPSF were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the extraction solvents. Hexane gave the highest fat yield (7.67 %) with low unsaturation value (52.13 g iodine/g) compared with petroleum ether and ethanol. Hexane MPSF also had low oxidation rate (peroxide value of 1.1 mEq/g). Both non-stabilized and stabilized hexane MPSF showed a single melting endothermic peak at high temperature with onset, maximum peak and offset temperature of 16.23 ˚C-18.21 °C, 28.22 ˚C-31.25 °C and 34.85 ˚C-39.58 °C, respectively. Hexane MPSF crystallized rapidly at high temperature with single maximum peak starting at 16.51 ˚C-16.68 °C and ending at 0.23 ˚C-1.13 °C. In comparison with ethanol extract, hexane MPSF demonstrated a compact crystalline structure with a large densely packed center. Therefore, MPSF obtained from hexane presented better overall quality than those obtained from other extraction solvents. MPSF exhibited similar melting and morphological behavior to mango kernel fat and commercial cocoa butter. These results suggested that hexane was the best solvent for the extraction of MPSF. This fat also has the potential to be applied as a cocoa butter alternative fat or functional fat.

Galium verum L. petroleum ether extract – antitumor potential on human melanoma cells

“…Galium verum herba was subjected to extraction in several stages, in this study the phase of interest was that of petroleum ether. The obtained results showed us that 3 flavonoids were qualitatively identified in the GvPE extract, such as rutin, quercetol, and isoquercitrin, and a polyphenolic acid, chlorogenic acid, on the same trajectory as the literature data, but they were not quantified, being below the detection limit of 0.1 μg/mL, For the petroleum ether extract, it is understandable that could not quantify hydrophilic chemical compounds such as polyphenolic compounds, because the solvent used, petroleum ether, is a non-polar solvent that is mainly used for the extraction of fats, oil, and unsaponifiable matter [31,35]. Essential fatty acids are important biocompounds with a key role in the synthesis of cell membranes, such as prostaglandins, which regulate various biological functions: blood pressure, blood coagulation, heart rate, and fertility.…”

“…Therefore, we can affirm that the solvent used for extraction has a considerable influence on the process of extracting, based on its interactions with the extracted bioactive compounds, moreover, the extraction method used, the applied parameters, and the geographical area of the plant can also influence the extraction of plant compounds [35,41].…”

The Use of Soxhlet Techniques in the Essential Oil Extraction from Anise Seeds (Pimpinella anisum)

“…Extraction of anise seed powder with petroleum ether obtained oil yield in samples of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively 4.72%, 4.79%, 4.72%, 4.68%, and 4.70% with an average percentage of 4.72%. Petroleum ether has been widely used in the extraction of fats and oils from the seeds of fruit crops [8]. The use of petroleum ether as a solvent is very beneficial because it is selective in dissolving substances.…”

“…The last stage is the evaporation of alcohol so that pure essential oils are produced [7]. The Soxhlet method is widely an option because the solvent used can be recovered after extraction and used for subsequent extraction [8].…”