Effect of Soluble Antigen on IgE Responses in the Mouse

Maia, Luiz C. Sauerbronn; Vaz, Nelson M.; Vaz, Elenice Maria Cecchetti

doi:10.1159/000231138

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…In these animals, oral exposures to antigen may result in serum [50][51][52] and mucosal secondary responses [52]. A few reports have suggested that more prolonged oral exposures may result in suppression [53], including the formation of IgE [54,55] and DTH reactions [56]. Intense and prolonged feeding with the antigen may abort antibody formation only during the first 2 weeks after primary immunization [51].…”

Section: Oral Tolerance After Primingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immaturity, Ageing and Oral Tolerance

et al. 1997

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Vaz NM, Faria AMC, Verdolin BA, Carvalho CR. Immaturity, Ageing and Oral Tolerance. Scand J Immunol 1997;46:225-229 Founding studies of cellular immunology emphasized that tolerance to allografts could only be achieved early in the embryonic or neonatal period, suggesting that the establishment of self-tolerance, a main event in the organization of the immune system, would necessarily take place in immature hosts. Contradicting these ideas, oral tolerance is a common, daily phenomenon, easily achieved by a physiological route in adult immunocompetent animals. Furthermore, there is solid evidence that, after the neonatal period, the susceptibility to oral tolerance induction also wanes and that it may be restored by adoptive transfer of cells from young hosts. These findings are briefly reviewed here to emphasize that immunological activity is a continuous and ongoing epigenesis extending throughout the entire life of the organism, far beyond the early phases of ontogenesis. Nelson M. Vaz, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, CP 486, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gevais 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil THE DOMINANT IMMUNOLOGICAL PARADIGMWe refer to the 'dominant immunological paradigm' [1] as a large interlaced set of terms and notions based on the concept of specific immunological recognition of foreign epitopes (immunity) and its complement, the notion of self-tolerance (self/nonself discrimination). The current version of the paradigm is based in different versions of the Clonal Selection Theory of Antibody Formation [2]. An alternative paradigm should be able to define, discuss and explain immunological activities and immunological phenomena without relying on the distinction between foreign and familiar materials (self/non-self discrimination) or on the notion of self-tolerance (self-ignorance). Up to this moment, we are not aware of such an alternative being fully formulated.In a previous essay [3], we pointed to a confusion of domains of description inherent to the current paradigm, which confounds the structural dynamics of the immune system (its physiology) with immunological phenomena (such as specific immune responses) which take place in the domain of interactions of the organism acting as a whole 1 . In the present essay, we use the same way of seeing to describe the set of phenomena currently described as 'oral tolerance'. We will show that these phenomena are not explained by the current paradigm and require alternative systemic notions to explain them. SELF-TOLERANCE AND IMMATURITYCreated in the early 1960s, the current immunological paradigm was heavily influenced by experimental findings on bovine twins' natural allogeneic chimeras [4], the rejection of allografts in mice [5,6] and chickens [7,8] and the adoptive transfer of immunological competence by lymphocytes [9][10][11][12]. The Clonal Selection Theory hinged around the notions of self/non-self discrimination (self-tolerance) already emphasized in a previous book by Burnet & Fenner [13], exp...

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Section: Oral Tolerance After Primingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immaturity, Ageing and Oral Tolerance

et al. 1997

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“…7 indicate that the secondary antihapten IgG antibody response was enhanced by homologous hapten-carrier (DNP-EA) and carrier (EA) alone. In addition, the IgG response was not enhanced by hapten Antigen-induced regulation of the reaginic antibody response in mice has been shown or postulated to occur in two ways: (a) directly at the B-cell level (2,7,26), and (b) indirectly, through helper or suppressor T cells (3)(4)(5)10). By analyzing the anti-DNP IgE response by the primed lymphocytes to secondary stimulation by hapten coupled to homologous carrier (DNP-EA), hapten coupled to heterologous carrier (DNP-BGG), and carrier (EA) alone, we demonstrated that the antigen-induced inhibition of IgE production was caused by hapten and not by carrier.…”

Section: Secondary Antihapten Igm and Igg Responses Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The regulation of the IgE immune response has been shown to be dependent upon the dose of the antigen employed for the induction of the primary response (1) as well as during secondary antigenic stimulation (2)(3)(4)(5), persistent IgE responses being favored by low doses of antigen. Takatsu and Ishizaka, utilizing passive transfer experiments in mice, demonstrated that high doses of antigen prevented the development of antigen-specific IgE bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (B cells) 1 in the spleens of the treated mice (3), caused a decreased carrier-specific helper activity of the thymus-derived lymphocyte (T cells) in the spleens (4), and that these effects were due to the induction of T suppressor cells by the high doses of antigen (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Maia et al (2), on the other hand, postulated that IgE B cells can be made tolerant by the administration of high doses of antigen, and concluded that the differential susceptibility to antigen-induced suppression of IgE and IgG antibody responses was due to the fact that IgE B cells were more easily made tolerant than IgG B cells. Results of experiments reported by Lee and Sehon (6)(7)(8) supported that concept.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Regulation of reaginic antibody production in mice. I. Suppression by antigen of IgE antibody production in vitro.

Danneman¹,

Michael²

1977

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Regulation of IgE production by antigen in a primed murine splenic lymphocyte culture system was described. Maximum IgE antibody production was found to occur when cells were cultured in the absence of exogenously added antigen. A cells and T lymphocytes did not affect the production of anti-DNP IgE antibody. By using a hapten-carrier antigen system (DNP-EA) for priming mice in vivo, it was found that the production of anti-DNP IgE by spleen cells in vitro was inhibited by hapten when coupled to homologous (EA) or heterologous (BGG) carrier, and was not enhanced or inhibited by homologous carrier. Anti-DNP IgE antibody production by cultures depleted of macrophages or T lymphocytes was found to be as sensitive to the suppressive effects of hapten as was the IgE production by whole spleen cell cultures. Both IgM and IgG secondary anti-DNP PFC responses in vitro were enhanced by the presence of the homologous hapten-carrier or carrier alone. DNP-BGG had no effect on the anti-DNP IgM or IgG PFC responses of the cultures. These data suggest that endogenous production of antibody (IgM or IgG) was not responsible for the observed suppression of the IgE response in vitrol The experimental results presented indicate that the regulation of the IgE production by antigen in the primed mouse splenic lymphocyte cultures was a consequence of the direct interaction of hapten with IgE B cells.

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“…Re cently many experiments have been carried out to elucidate immunoregulatory mecha nisms of IgE antibody formation, which may eventually bring crucial information on induction of specific tolerance to allergens [5][6][7][8][9][10], Meanwhile, several approaches have been introduced to manipulate im mune systems in such a way that only limit ed amounts of IgE antibodies are produced in response to various haptens [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Of particular interest was the treatment of IgE low responder mice with complete Freund's adjuvant which induced antigen-nonspecific suppressor T cells [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Allergic Reaction by Aerobic <i>Corynebacterium equi </i>Extract, CEF

Furuichi¹,

Ezoe²,

Katoh³

et al. 1981

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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The effect of a water-soluble fraction (CEF) that was prepared from an extract of Corynebacterium equi on primary reaginic antibody formation was studied in Balb/c mice. Mice were immunized with a hapten carrier (DNP-OVA) and received intra-peritoneal injections of CEF 7 and 2 days prior to, or 2 and 7 days after the immunization. PCA titers of both antihapten (DNP) and anticarrier (OVA) antibodies of IgE class were reduced significantly by the CEF treatment. Evidence was presented in adoptive transfer experiments that the number of IgE-producing cells in the CEF-treated mice was lower than that of controls. Suppression of IgG1 anti-DNP antibody formation was also achieved by the CEF treatment. Formation of IgG1 anti-OVA antibodies, however, was not suppressed significantly by the treatment. The suppressive activities of CEF were shown to be dose-dependent, but timing of CEF administration did not appear critical.

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Effect of Soluble Antigen on IgE Responses in the Mouse

Abstract: Three injections of 100 μgof soluble ovalbumin (Ova) significantly reduced IgE responses of DBA/1J mice to immunization with 0.1 μgOva in Al(OH)₃ gel, whereas IgG1 responses were not similarly affected.

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Immaturity, Ageing and Oral Tolerance

Immaturity, Ageing and Oral Tolerance

Regulation of reaginic antibody production in mice. I. Suppression by antigen of IgE antibody production in vitro.

Regulation of Allergic Reaction by Aerobic <i>Corynebacterium equi </i>Extract, CEF

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Effect of Soluble Antigen on IgE Responses in the Mouse

Abstract: Three injections of 100 μgof soluble ovalbumin (Ova) significantly reduced IgE responses of DBA/1J mice to immunization with 0.1 μgOva in Al(OH)3 gel, whereas IgG1 responses were not similarly affected.

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Immaturity, Ageing and Oral Tolerance

Immaturity, Ageing and Oral Tolerance

Regulation of reaginic antibody production in mice. I. Suppression by antigen of IgE antibody production in vitro.

Regulation of Allergic Reaction by Aerobic <i>Corynebacterium equi </i>Extract, CEF

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Abstract: Three injections of 100 μgof soluble ovalbumin (Ova) significantly reduced IgE responses of DBA/1J mice to immunization with 0.1 μgOva in Al(OH)₃ gel, whereas IgG1 responses were not similarly affected.