Effect of Solid to Solvent Ratio and Extraction Time on Yield, Phytochemical Content and Physicochemical of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) Seed Oil Extracted using Hexane

Abstract

The results showed that the highest yield was obtained, namely 10.97% in the treatment of the raw material to solvent ratio of 1:30 and the extraction time of 120 minutes, while the lowest yield was 2.66% in the treatment of the raw material to solvent ratio of 1:20 and the extraction time of 30 minutes. Based on the phytochemical analysis, the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, namely 66.12 mg GAE/g and 95.70 mg QE/g, were obtained from the treatment of the ratio of raw materials to solvents of 1:25 and extraction time of 120 minutes. Meanwhile, the lowest concentrations of phenol and flavonoids, namely 24.87 mg GAE/g and 39 mg QE/g, were achieved in the treatment of the raw material to solvent ratio of 1:20 and the extraction time of 30 minutes. The FTIR of amla seed oil with different aw material to solvent ratio and extraction times indicated the presence of the same functional group content. In the form of O-H indicating the presence of polyphenolic compounds, C=O indicating the presence of ascorbic acid compounds, C-O indicating the presence of pectin compounds, and C-O-C indicating flavonoid compounds in amla seed oil. The fatty acid components contained in amla seed oil analyzed using GCMS showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acids was higher than saturated fatty acids with linoleic acid as the main component. Physical-chemical analysis of pH, density, acid number, FFA, and peroxide number showed that the extracted oil quality was better than in previous studies.