Effect of solar radiation at various incident angles on transparent conducting antimony doped indium oxide (IAO) film developed by sol–gel method on glass substrate as heat absorbing window glass fenestration

Indium Oxide Based Nanomaterials: Fabrication Strategies, Properties, Applications, Challenges and Future Prospect

“…Indium oxide based nanostructured thin films have great significance owing to their variable band gap energy (3.2-3.8 eV) with high visible transparency, substantial environmental and chemical stability as well as high electron mobility and metal-like electrical conductivity [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. These nanostructured thin films have been fabricated ( Table 2) with excellent optical and electrical properties towards various applications [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. However, the thin films are mostly used as TCOs [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

“…Indium oxide based nanomaterials including nanostructured thin films and bulk nanomaterials are found to be a highly exploration area in the nano domain [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. For deposition of nanostructured IO based thin films, several techniques including sol-gel, sputtering, physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), ink-jet printing, spray pyrolysis, atomic layer deposition (ALD) are available [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. These are discussed in the next sub-sections.…”

“…Sol-gel coating technique such as dip coating, spin coating or sometimes drain coating (especially for large size and heavy weight substrate) is also a very much useful for development/fabrication of various functional nanostructured thin films that are suitable for the use especially in the field of microelectronics and optoelectronics [4,[34][35][36][37][38]. The coating technique can fulfill to obtain desired physical and optical properties of the nanomaterials [34][35][36][37][38]. In this respect, sol-gel coating technique as a facile fabrication strategy has already been established as cost effective one for deposition of nanostructured IO based thin films [34][35][36][37][38].…”

“…The coating technique can fulfill to obtain desired physical and optical properties of the nanomaterials [34][35][36][37][38]. In this respect, sol-gel coating technique as a facile fabrication strategy has already been established as cost effective one for deposition of nanostructured IO based thin films [34][35][36][37][38]. Among other thin film fabrication techniques such as sputtering, CVD, ALD, PVD, spray pyrolysis and ink-jet printing, sol-gel technique is become a convenient one where high chemical and environmental stabilities of the nanomaterials can be obtained [34][35][36][37][38].…”

“…In this respect, sol-gel coating technique as a facile fabrication strategy has already been established as cost effective one for deposition of nanostructured IO based thin films [34][35][36][37][38]. Among other thin film fabrication techniques such as sputtering, CVD, ALD, PVD, spray pyrolysis and ink-jet printing, sol-gel technique is become a convenient one where high chemical and environmental stabilities of the nanomaterials can be obtained [34][35][36][37][38]. Sol-gel coating techniques can be applicable to deposit a huge numbers of high-performance nanostructured IO based thin films including ITO, IZO, IZGO, ZIO, IAO, Sb-doped IO, Cd-ITO, Cr-ITO for various applications [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”