Effect of Solanum Glycoalkaloids on Potato Aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Güntner, Carlos; González, Andrés; Reis, Renato Dos; González, Gabriel Alcántar; Vázquez, Álvaro; Ferreira, Fernando; Moyna, Patrick

doi:10.1023/b:joec.0000006429.14373.91

Cited by 42 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…SAs including a-tomatine and its corresponding aglycone, tomatidine, are toxic to a broad range of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, animals, and even plants themselves (Chan and Tam, 1985;Gunther et al, 1997;Sandrock and Vanetten, 1998;Pareja-Jaime et al, 2008;Hoagland, 2009). Metabolites that are abundant at the immature green and MG stages are marked with a green background, those abundant at the breaker and orange stages with an orange background, and those abundant at the RR stage are marked with a red background.…”

Section: Phytotoxicity Observed In Game1-silenced Plants and Their Ramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In plants, SAs serve as phytoanticipins, providing the plant with a preexisting chemical barrier against a broad range of pathogens (Chan and Tam, 1985;Gunther et al, 1997;Sandrock and Vanetten, 1998;Hoagland, 2009). For example, tomato a-tomatine acts via disruption of membranes, followed by the leakage of electrolytes and depolarization of the membrane potential (McKee, 1959;Steel and Drysdale, 1988;Keukens et al, 1992Keukens et al, , 1995.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM1 Is Required for Steroidal Alkaloid Glycosylation and Prevention of Phytotoxicity in Tomato

et al. 2011

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Steroidal alkaloids (SAs) are triterpene-derived specialized metabolites found in members of the Solanaceae family that provide plants with a chemical barrier against a broad range of pathogens. Their biosynthesis involves the action of glycosyltransferases to form steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs). To elucidate the metabolism of SGAs in the Solanaceae family, we examined the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM1 (GAME1) gene. Our findings imply that GAME1 is a galactosyltransferase, largely performing glycosylation of the aglycone tomatidine, resulting in SGA production in green tissues. Downregulation of GAME1 resulted in an almost 50% reduction in a-tomatine levels (the major SGA in tomato) and a large increase in its precursors (i.e., tomatidenol and tomatidine). Surprisingly, GAME1-silenced plants displayed growth retardation and severe morphological phenotypes that we suggest occur as a result of altered membrane sterol levels caused by the accumulation of the aglycone tomatidine. Together, these findings highlight the role of GAME1 in the glycosylation of SAs and in reducing the toxicity of SA metabolites to the plant cell.

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Section: Phytotoxicity Observed In Game1-silenced Plants and Their Ramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM1 Is Required for Steroidal Alkaloid Glycosylation and Prevention of Phytotoxicity in Tomato

et al. 2011

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“…Além disto, existem evidências de que o gênero Solanum apresenta efeito alelopático sobre outras plantas (Sarma 1974;Frank 1990;Smith et al 1990). Os alcalóides presentes nas plantas deste gênero, tais como a solanina, solamargina e solasodina (Motidome et al 1970), poderiam atuar como aleloquímicos, além de fenóis que são comumente encontrados nas folhas (Güntner et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeito alelopático de folhas de Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. (Solanaceae) na germinação e crescimento de Sesamum indicum L. (Pedaliaceae) sob diferentes temperaturas

2004

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Pedaliaceae) sob diferentes temperaturas). Alelopatia pode ser definida como o efeito maléfico ou benéfico que uma planta exerce sobre a outra por meio de compostos químicos liberados no ambiente. Diversas espécies do gênero Solanum apresentam evidências de propriedades alelopáticas. S. lycocarpum A. St.-Hil (lobeira) é espécie de ampla distribuição em ambientes perturbados do Cerrado. No presente trabalho foram investigados efeitos alelopáticos de extratos de folhas de lobeira na germinação e no crescimento do gergelim (Sesamum indicum L.). Extratos aquosos das folhas foram preparados nas concentrações de 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% e 5% (p/v). A osmolaridade dos extratos foi medida e soluções de polietileno glicol (PEG 6000), de osmolaridade similar, foram preparadas para avaliar possíveis efeitos osmóticos dos extratos aquosos. Nos testes de germinação, as sementes de gergelim foram colocadas em placas de Petri forradas com papel de filtro com a solução a ser testada e observadas a cada 8h. Para os experimemtos de crescimento, sementes de gergelim foram germinadas em água e posteriormente dispostas para crescimento nos extratos. Após 5 dias, foram medidos os comprimentos da parte aérea e radicular das plântulas. Todos os experimentos foram conduzidos a 22ºC, 30ºC e 38ºC. Observou-se que os extratos de folhas não afetaram a germinabilidade, mas aumentaram o tempo médio de germinação em uma relação próxima à dose-dependente, nas três temperaturas. Quanto ao crescimento, a parte radicular foi a mais afetada pelos extratos aquosos, apresentando redução no tamanho, necroses, ausência de pêlos absorventes e formação de raízes laterais. Os efeitos dos extratos no crescimento das plântulas foram mais evidentes a 38ºC. Os experimentos conduzidos com soluções de PEG 6000 mostraram que os efeitos observados na presença dos extratos não são de natureza osmótica. Palavras-chaves: alelopatia, crescimento, germinação, lobeira, temperaturaABSTRACT -(Allelopathic effect of Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. leaves on the germination and growth of Sesamum indicum L. (Pedaliaceae) under different temperatures). Allelopathy should be defined as any stimulatory or inhibitory effect by one plant on another through production of chemical compounds released into the environment. Several Solanum species have shown some allelopathic property. S. lycocarpum is largely distributed on disturbed areas of the Brazilian Cerrado. In the present study the effects of aqueous extracts of S. lycocarpum leaves on the germination and growth of Sesanum indicum L. (sesame) were investigated. Aqueous leaf extracts at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% (w/v) were prepared. The osmolarity of the extracts were measured and solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) of similar osmolarity were prepared to evaluate osmotic effects of the extracts on sesame germination and growth. The experiments were carried out on petri dishes lined by two layers of filter paper plus the solutions to be tested. For the germination experiments the number of germinated seeds was chec...

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“…Однако аглюконы в высоких концентрациях были детер рентами питания и вызывали смертность тли. Очевидно, насекомое хорошо адаптировано к гликоалкалоидам, при сутствующим в их природной диете (Güntner et al, 1997). Противоречивые результаты получены при исследовании воздействия на M. euphorbiae ряда других гликоалкалои дов и их аглюконов.…”

Section: механизмы устойчивости картофеля к тлямunclassified

“…Противоречивые результаты получены при исследовании воздействия на M. euphorbiae ряда других гликоалкалои дов и их аглюконов. Полагают, что важную роль при этом играют структурные особенности стероидных алкалоидов и их аглюконов (Güntner et al, 2000).…”

Section: механизмы устойчивости картофеля к тлямunclassified

Aphid resistance in potato

Radchenko¹

2017

Vestn. VOGiS

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The problem of aphid resistance of potato genetic resources is discussed. Generally, resistance to the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) and the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) is analyzed in all available literature sources. The Solanum tubero sum L. gene pool contains very few resistant forms. Accessions highly resistant to M. persicae were revealed among 36 of 86 examined wild potato species. The largest number of resistant forms was found among S. bulbocastanum Dun., S. tarijense Hawkes, S. infundi buliforme Phil., S. canasense Hawkes and S. stolonife rum Schlechtd. et Bché. The forms highly resistant to M. euphorbiae belong to 24 of 85 studied species, namely to 10 of 18 series; the species S. bulbocasta num, S. stoloniferum and S. demissum Lindl. include the maximum number of resistant forms. Wild species accessions with specific and group resistance to aphids were revealed. Glandular pubescence of leaves and stems in such species as S. polyadenium Greenm., S. tarijense and S. berthaultii Hawkes is considered as the main mechanism of resistance. Hybrids between S. tuberosum and S. berthaultii were widely used in breeding programs; however, the presence of glandular trichomes was linked to a number of undesirable characters. It is expected that association between the trichome conditioned insect resistance of S. berthaultii and undesirable agronomic traits could be overcome with the use of molecular genetic methods. Studies of the antifeedant activity of potato glycoalkaloids and their aglucons produced controversial results. In numerous works the aphid resistance of potato is connected with plant physiological state. Differences among wild potato accessions in the localization of resistance factors (leaf surface, epidermis, mesophyll, floema) were found that were indicative of differences of resistance mechanisms in the studied forms. Works on investigating induced aphid resistance in potato have great theoretical and practical significance.Key words: genetic resources of potato; potato aphid; green peach aphid; resistance; glandular pubescence; plant breeding.Обсуждается проблема устойчивости генетических ресурсов картофеля к тлям. Практически во всех литературных источниках анализируется резистентность к персиковой (Myzus persicae Sulzer) и большой картофельной (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) тлям. Генофонд Solanum tuberosum L. относительно беден устойчивыми формами. Высокоустойчивые к M. persicae образцы выявлены среди 36 из 86 изученных диких видов картофеля. Наибольшее число устойчивых форм найдено в пределах видов S. bulbocasta num Dun., S. tarijense Hawkes, S. infundibuliforme Phil., S. canasense Hawkes и S. stoloniferum Schlechtd. et Bché. Высокоустойчивые к M. euphorbiae формы относятся к 24 из 85 изученных видов, к 10 из 18 серий; наибольшее число устойчивых форм содержат виды S. bulbocastanum, S. stoloniferum и S. demissum Lindl. Выявлены образцы диких видов со специфической и групповой устойчиво-стью к тлям. В качестве основного механизма устойчивости к M. persicae и M. eup...

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Effect of Solanum Glycoalkaloids on Potato Aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae

Cited by 42 publications

References 22 publications

GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM1 Is Required for Steroidal Alkaloid Glycosylation and Prevention of Phytotoxicity in Tomato

GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM1 Is Required for Steroidal Alkaloid Glycosylation and Prevention of Phytotoxicity in Tomato

Efeito alelopático de folhas de Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. (Solanaceae) na germinação e crescimento de Sesamum indicum L. (Pedaliaceae) sob diferentes temperaturas

Aphid resistance in potato

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