Effect of soil water content, sampling method and sample storage on the quantification of root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) by different methods

Hollaway, Grant; Ophel-Keller, K.; Taylor, S.; Burns, R; McKay, Alan

doi:10.1071/ap02071

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…DNA probes have rapidly become the preferred tool for identiÞcation of other soil pathogens, including bacteria, soil-borne fungi, and nematodes (Pattemore et al 2001, Amiri et al 2002, Quader et al 2002, Hü bschen et al 2004. However, there are still relatively few examples of these assays being used to quantify target DNA in soil , Hollaway et al 2003, Stirling et al 2003, Herdina et al 2004, Kernaghan et al 2007.…”

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Developing and Testing a Diagnostic Probe for Grape Phylloxera Applicable to Soil Samples

Herbert

Powell

McKay

et al. 2008

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Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) (Hemiptera Phylloxeridae) is a damaging pest of grapevines (Vitis spp.) around the world, and the management of this pest requires early detection of infestations. Here, we describe the development and validation of a sensitive DNA test for grape phylloxera that can be applied to soil. Species-specific primers were developed for grape phylloxera in the internal transcribed space region 2, and their specificity was confirmed after thorough screening by using a wide range of vineyard organisms and aphid genera. Preliminary testing of the detection limits of the grape phylloxera-specific primers was conducted using field-sourced soil types spiked with a known number of grape phylloxera. The assay was converted to a real-time polymerase chain reaction format (TaqMan MGB). This assay, in combination with DNA extraction from soil, can detect phylloxera crawlers added to soil. The assay was evaluated in the field at a recently detected grape phylloxera infestation site from the Yarra Valley in Victoria, Australia. The DNA assay proved to be substantially more sensitive than a standard ground survey for detecting grape phylloxera presence on vine roots in the infested vineyard. Moreover, unlike the ground survey, the assay provided quantitative information on grape phylloxera infestations, because grape phylloxera DNA concentrations in samples from vines closely matched the numbers of grape phylloxera crawlers collected with emergence traps placed at the base of vines. Unlike other detection techniques, the method can be applied at any time of the year, and it can be potentially modified to provide specific information on the virulence levels of the particular grape phylloxera genotypes responsible for any new infestations.

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confidence: 97%

Developing and Testing a Diagnostic Probe for Grape Phylloxera Applicable to Soil Samples

Herbert

Powell

McKay

et al. 2008

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“…tributes to greater estimates of nematode density commonly encountered in real-time PCR assays than in traditional assays (12,18,20,60). However, soil handling can also affect the vigor and integrity of nematodes extracted using tradifional methods.…”

Section: Nematodes and Extraction Method''mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, soil handling can also affect the vigor and integrity of nematodes extracted using tradifional methods. Hollaway et al (12) reported that the PreDicta B method using DNA extracted from soil, as used at the RDTS, was not influenced by soil water content at the time of sampling or of drying the soil after sampling. In dry soils, the DNA method revealed apparent densities of P. neglectus and P. thornei two to four times greater than were revealed by the Whitehead extraction method, which extracts mostly active nettiatodes.…”

Section: Nematodes and Extraction Method''mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The differences between methods were minimal when extractions were made from the same soils that were sampled while wet. The Whitehead tray also extracted fewer Pratylenchus nematodes from soils that had been dried before storage (12). The magnitudes of reducfion varied depending upon soil type and differences in soil moisture content.…”

Section: Nematodes and Extraction Method''mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Crop Rotations and Tillage on Pratylenchus spp. in the Semiarid Pacific Northwest United States

et al. 2013

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Smiley, R. W., Machado, S., Gourlie, J. A., Pritchett, L. C, Yan, G. R, and Jacobsen, E. E. 2013. Effects of crop rotations and tillage on Pratylenchus spp. in the semiarid Pacific Northwest United States. Plant Dis. 97:537-546.There is interest in converting rainfed cropping systems in the Pacific Northwest from a 2-year rotation of winter wheat and cultivated fallow to direct-seed (no-till) systems that include chemical fallow, spring cereals, and food legume and brassica crops. Little information is available regarding effects of these changes on plant-parasitic nematodes. Eight cropping systems in a low-precipitation region (<330 mm) were compared over 9 years. Each phase of each rotation occurred each year. The density of Pratylenchus spp. was greater in cultivated than chemical fallow, became greater with increasing frequency of host crops, and was inversely associated with precipitation (R^ = 0.92, a < 0.01). Densities after harvesting mustard, spring wheat, winter wheat. and winter pea were greater (a < 0.01) than after harvesting spring barley or spring pea. Camelina also produced low densities. Winter wheat led to a greater density of Pratylenchus neglectus and spring wheat led to a greater density of P. thornei. Density of Pratyienchus spp. was correlated (R^ = 0.88, a < 0.01) but generally higher when detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction on DNA extracts from soil than when detected by a traditional method. Selection of different Pratylenchus spp. by different wheat cultivars or growth habit must be addressed to minitnize the level of nematode risk to future plantings of intolerant crops.The root-lesion nematodes Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch) Filipjev Schuurmanns & Stekhoven and P. thornei Sher & Allen suppress yields of rainfed cereals in temperate regions worldwide (5,43). These species are present in 90% of fields in low-precipitation regions ( 150 to 300 mm) of north-central Oregon and southcentral Washington, and the nematode density in soil is above a potentially damaging level in perhaps 60% of the fields (42). Rainfed wheat {Triticum aestivum L.) in the region is planted on 1.5 million ha annually. In all, 90% of the hectares in the <330-mm annual precipitation area are managed as a monoculture "rotation" of winter wheat (10 months) and summer fallow (14 months) because precipitation occurs mostly from late autumn (October) to early spring (April) and the amount is highly variable from year to year (31,32). Winters are cold and intervals of frozen soil are common. Warm to hot days and cool nights prevail during the dry summer period when crops are maturing. Optimal grain yield for cereal crops is dependent upon healthy root systems capable of extracting water stored deeply in the soil profile. Most fallow is managed as a mechanically prepared "dust mulch".Direct seeding into non-tilled chemical summer fallow is of strong interest but still lags behind mechanical cultivation in the low-precipitation region because direct-seed systems have historically been less profitable than mecha...

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“…For carrying out successful glasshouse screenings which result in the safe identification of resistant accessions, optimization of the following factors is essential: a continuous supply with nematode inoculum must be guaranteed, and the infection and growth conditions must be optimized. The viability and multiplication rates of nematodes can be affected by several factors like soil water content (Duncan and El‐Morshedy 1996, Hollaway et al. 2003), soil texture (Delaville et al.…”

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Screening for resistance in the primary and secondary gene pool of barley against the root‐lesion nematode Pratylenchus neglectus

Keil

Laubach²,

Sharma

et al. 2009

Plant Breeding

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Root‐lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus are significant pests in crop cultivation throughout many parts of the world. A study was initiated to determine the resistance of Hordeum vulgare and H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum (wild barley) against one major representative of the genus Pratylenchus, P. neglectus. A glasshouse test was first established. Barley seedlings were grown in 20 cm3 tubes filled with sand. Each plant was inoculated with 400 P. neglectus juveniles. After 12 weeks of cultivation nematodes were isolated from roots and sand using a misting chamber. The nematodes were counted under a microscope. A representative collection of 565 barley and wild barley accessions was tested in this way. The average number of nematodes per accession ranged from 350 to 12 000. In a verification experiment, 35 accessions with low and high infection rates were tested. This experiment identified a number of accessions with low infection rates. The perspectives for future breeding of barley cultivars resistant to root‐lesion nematodes are discussed.

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Effect of soil water content, sampling method and sample storage on the quantification of root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) by different methods

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Developing and Testing a Diagnostic Probe for Grape Phylloxera Applicable to Soil Samples

Developing and Testing a Diagnostic Probe for Grape Phylloxera Applicable to Soil Samples

Effects of Crop Rotations and Tillage on Pratylenchus spp. in the Semiarid Pacific Northwest United States

Screening for resistance in the primary and secondary gene pool of barley against the root‐lesion nematode Pratylenchus neglectus

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