Effect of Soil Moisture Content and End-Effector Speed on Pick-up Force and Lump Damage for Seedling Transplanting

Mohamed, Sami Hassan Ahmed; Liu, Jizhan

doi:10.3390/agriengineering1030026

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The dynamometer is commonly used for measuring various mechanical properties, including the penetration resistance of soil [53], the clamping force of the gripper [52], and the pulling force of the seedling [54]. The universal testing machine is often utilized for determining the substrate cohesion and tray adhesion [57], compression [55], tension [56], bending, and puncture.…”

Section: Force Measuring Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Technologies of Plug Tray Seedling Transplanters in Protected Agriculture: A Review

et al. 2023

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The process of plug tray seedling transplanting is a crucial step in protected agriculture production. Due to issues such as high labor intensity, poor consistency of work quality, and low efficiency, the application of automated transplanting machines has provided a solution to these issues. For the diversity of transplanting operations, various mechanical structures and technological applications have been developed for automated transplanting equipment. Therefore, this paper provides systematic research of current studies on the key transplanter technologies. Firstly, through an analysis of the types of transplanting operations, the technical requirements of automated transplanting equipment for different operation types are elucidated. Subsequently, the key technologies applied in transplanting machines are discussed from the perspectives of substrate physical characteristics, end effectors, integration of multiple end effectors, vision systems, and transplanting path planning. Moreover, an analysis is conducted on the advantages, disadvantages, and application scenarios of different research methods for each key technology. Lastly, the existing problems and technical difficulties of the transplanting machine are summarized, and future research directions are discussed. This analysis provides a valuable reference for further research and development in the field of transplanting machines for plug tray seedlings.

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Section: Force Measuring Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Technologies of Plug Tray Seedling Transplanters in Protected Agriculture: A Review

et al. 2023

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“…Defterli et al [ 33 ] reviewed the robots used in the cultivation and harvesting of strawberry fruit. Mohamed and Liu [ 34 ] analyzed the effects of using a gripper robot tip for the transplantation of seedlings, stating that the correct process is determined by soil moisture, which determines the value of the strength and efficiency of transplanted seedlings. Jiang et al [ 35 ] developed a needle end effector (pneumatically driven) for the transplantation of plant seedlings, conducted tests of its effectiveness and determined the damage to the root ball.…”

Section: Related Work Connected With the End-effectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Pneumatic System Parameters of the Suction Cup Integrated with the Head for Harvesting Strawberry Fruit

Kurpaska

Sobol

Pedryc

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Fruit and vegetable harvest efficiency depends on the mechanization and automation of production. The available literature lacks the results of research on the applicability of pneumatic end effectors among grippers for the robotic harvesting of strawberries. To determine their practical applications, a series of tests was performed. They included the determination of the morphological indicators of the strawberry, fruit suction force, the real stress exerted by fruit suckers and the degree of fruit damage. The fruits’ morphological indicators included the relationships between the weight and geometrical dimensions of the tested fruit, the equivalent diameter, and the sphericity coefficient. The fruit suction force was determined on a stand equipped with a vacuum pump, and control and measurement instruments, as well as a MTS 2 testing machine. The necrosis caused by tissue damage to the fruits by suction cup adhesion was assessed by counting the necrosis surface areas using the LabView programme. The assessment of the necrosis was conducted immediately upon the test’s performance, after 24 and after 72h. The stress values were calculated by referring the values of the suction forces obtained to the surface of the suction cup face. The tests were carried out with three constructions of suction cups and three positions of suction cup faces on the fruits’ surface. The research shows that there is a possibility for using pneumatic suction cups in robotic picking heads. The experiments performed indicate that the types of suction cups constructions, and the zones and directions of the suction cups’ application to the fruit significantly affect the values of the suction forces and stresses affecting the fruit. The surface areas of the necrosis formed depend mainly on the time that elapses between the test and their assessment. The weight of strawberry fruit in the conducted experiment constituted from 13.6% to 23.1% of the average suction force.

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“…These studies on mechanical properties provide a basis for the design and manufacturing of automated transplanting machinery and systems for plug seedlings [3]. Sami Mohamed et al carried out an investigation into the effect of different soil moisture content and pickup speeds on the pickup force, balance, resistance, and lump damage during the transplanting of seedlings [4]. In Jiang Z et al's research, a force measure system with tension and pressure transducers was installed on the designed end-effector [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Mechanical Properties of Root–Substrate Interaction with a Transplanter Using Artificial Neural Networks

Tian,

Gao,

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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The mechanical properties of a plug seedling substrate determine whether it will crush during the transplantation, thereby affecting the integrity of the root system and the survival rate of transplanted seedlings. In this study, we measured eight morphological parameters of pepper seedlings using machine vision and physical methods, and the corresponding substrate mechanical parameters of the plug seedlings were tested using a texture analyzer. Based on the experimental data, a BPNN framework was constructed to predict the substrate mechanical properties of plug seedlings at different growth stages. The results indicate that the BPNN with a framework of [8, 15, 15, 1] exhibits higher R2 and lower errors. The mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values are 7.669, 88.842, and 9.076%, respectively, with an R2 of 0.867. The average prediction accuracy of 20 test data set is 90.472%. Finally, predictions and experimental validations were conducted on the substrate mechanical properties of seedlings grown for 47 days. The results revealed that the BPNN achieved an average prediction accuracy of 93.282%. Additionally, it exhibited faster speed and lower computational costs. This study provides a reference for the non-intrusive estimation of substrate mechanical properties in plug seedlings and the design and optimization of transplanting an end-effector.

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Effect of Soil Moisture Content and End-Effector Speed on Pick-up Force and Lump Damage for Seedling Transplanting

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Key Technologies of Plug Tray Seedling Transplanters in Protected Agriculture: A Review

Key Technologies of Plug Tray Seedling Transplanters in Protected Agriculture: A Review

Analysis of the Pneumatic System Parameters of the Suction Cup Integrated with the Head for Harvesting Strawberry Fruit

Modeling the Mechanical Properties of Root–Substrate Interaction with a Transplanter Using Artificial Neural Networks

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