Effect of sodium silicate on forage digestion with rumen fluid of goats or cellulase using culture solutions adjusted for pH

Shimojo, Masataka; Goto, Ichiro

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(89)90030-8

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Rice straw is a unique low-quality forage in that it contains much more silica (12% to 16%) compared to other straws, which typically have 3% to 5% silica (Jackson, 1977). Soluble silica in the rumen is known to inhibit cellulolytic digestion which leads to a depression in forage digestion; this is theorized to occur via a direct enzymatic depression by the silica and a reduction in the availability of minerals to the rumen microbes (Shimojo and Goto, 1989). Therefore, this study provides a better understanding of the rumen ecosystem comparing these two sub-species under a diet with low fermentation potential, which was previously lacking in the rumen microbial ecology literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Responses in the rumen microbiome of Bos taurus and indicus steers fed a low-quality rice straw diet and supplemented protein

Latham

Weldon

Wickersham

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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Bos indicus typically perform better than Bos taurus when consuming a low-quality diet; however, the response to supplementation is generally greater in B. taurus. The underlying mechanisms supporting these responses have not been fully elucidated. Characterization of differences in rumen prokaryotic populations and their functional role in the two subspecies may provide additional insight. Ten cannulated steers (5 Angus and 5 Brahman) were used in concurrent 5 × 5 Latin squares. Animals were offered ad libitum access to rice straw (4.7% CP). Treatments consisted of an unsupplemented control diet and two levels (50 or 120 mg N/kg BW) of isonitrogenous supplements (30% CP), that were either high (H; 74%) or low (L; 26%) in undegradable intake protein. Rumen samples were collected at 0 and 4 h postfeeding and separated into liquid and solid fractions. Rumen bacterial taxa were sequenced utilizing a Roche 454 platform based on the 16s rRNA gene. At 97% sequence similarity, 97,826 operational taxonomic units were identified, which included 24 phyla, 108 families, and 255 genera. Analysis included SAS PROC mixed model, QIIME, and PICRUSt. Across all samples, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes accounted for 65% and 28% of total bacterial abundance, respectively. The families Prevotellaceae (P = 0.05) and Ruminococcaceae (P = 0.004) and the genera Prevotellaceae (family; P = 0.003) within the phyla Bacteroidetes differed significantly in relative abundance with added protein when compared to the control. Consistent differences in the relative abundance of family and genus taxa between B. indicus and B. taurus suggest roles the symbiotic rumen microbiome may have in the capacity of B. indicus to utilize low-quality forage over a range of supplement types and levels including (Prevotella, Ruminococcus [family], Sphingobacteriaceae [family], Bacteroidales [order], Pontibacter, Bacteroides, Succiclasticum, Barnesiella, and Xylanibacter). Overall bacterial community diversity differences across parameters were limited. Rice straw is recalcitrant to bacterial digestion because of high levels of silica in the epidermis making this straw more resistant to bacterial attachment. Thus, this analysis represents the bacterial diversity and function of the rumen under conditions depleted CP, recalcitrant fiber matrix and restricted digestibility which appear to limit the microbial population to those capable of attaching and digesting complexed structural carbohydrates, resulting in reduced plasticity, and more evenness in diversity across parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Responses in the rumen microbiome of Bos taurus and indicus steers fed a low-quality rice straw diet and supplemented protein

Latham

Weldon

Wickersham

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Earlier studies showed a negative effect of silica on forage digestibility in ruminants (Carlisle et al 1977;Balasta et al 1989). This negative effect may be due to the physical barrier formed by the external silica layer, as proposed by Kawamura et al (1973) and Harbers et al (1981), or to an inhibiting action on hydrolysing enzymes ; some authors (Smith & Urquhart 1975;Shimojo & Goto 1989) have found the in vitro digestibility of forages to be negatively affected by increasing amounts of added soluble silica. In a previous study on European rice straws (Agbagla-Dohnani et al 2001), no relationship was found between microbial degradation and ash or silica contents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of silica content on rice straw ruminal degradation

et al. 2003

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SU MMARYThe present study investigated how increasing silica content modifies the chemical and morphological characteristics and microbial degradation of rice straw. Two rice straws grown on culture media with different silica contents were collected and analysed for chemical and morphological composition and ultrastructure. Silica content (g/kg DM) of the two straws was high (98 . 0, straw H) and low (0 . 0, not detected, straw L). The ground (2 mm) straws were incubated in the rumen of three ruminally cannulated cows for 4, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 96 h for in sacco degradability measurements. The main fractions (stem, leaf sheath and blade) of each straw were incubated for 24 h. Kinetics were fitted to an exponential model with lag time. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine intact fragments of stems and fragments incubated for 6, 24, 72 and 96 h in cow rumen. X-ray analysis was carried out on non-incubated fragments for silica mapping. A reduction of stem content from 320 to 270 g/kg straw, and an increase in leaf sheath content from 360 to 400 g/kg straw, were found for an increase in silica content from 0 to 100 g/kg DM. Chemical composition differed little between straws H and L, except for ash and silica contents. The ash originated mainly from the leaves and increased with silica content from 70 to 140 g/kg DM. The DM degradability was lower in the H than in the L straw. This reduction came mainly from a lower non-NDF component degradation in straw H. Stems were more degraded than leaf fractions for DM, NDF and non-NDF components; their degradation was depressed in the H straw. X-ray analysis showed that the deposition of silica on the stem epidermis was different, with a thick layer on H stems and no deposition on L stem surfaces. As a consequence, microbial colonization and degradation were faster on the epidermis of straw L. Epidermal silica did not hinder degradation from the internal cavity.

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“…The study on the saccharification of untreated and pretreated rice straw by RSC1 cellulase showed high amounts of reducing sugar production with 2.5% sodium hydroxide treatment. Sodium hydroxide treatment has been reported to remove lignin and hemicellulose and forms soluble silicates . The high amount of reducing sugars produced from sodium hydroxide‐pretreated substrate (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effect of initial medium pH and temperature on cellulase production pH and temperature effects on cellulase production were determined using the aforementioned solid medium with casein hydrolyzate and urea as nitrogen source with different initial pH values (4, 5, 6, 7, and 8) and incubated at different temperatures (25,30,35, and 40°C), see Supporting Information Fig. S1.…”

Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulase production and saccharification of rice straw by the mutant strain Hypocrea koningii RSC1

Palaniyandi

Yang

Suh

2013

J. Basic Microbiol.

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The production of cellulase using solid-state fermentation of rice straw by the mutant strain Hypocrea koningii RSC1 was studied. Optimization of culture conditions, such as the nitrogen source, pH, and temperature, resulted in a maximum filter paper cellulase activity of 44.15 U g(-1) substrate, a carboxymethylcellulase activity of 324.6 U g(-1) substrate, and a β-glucosidase activity of 7.45 U g(-1) substrate. Saccharification of untreated, 1% H(2)SO(4)-treated, and 2.5% NaOH-treated rice straw using the RSC1 cellulase resulted in 19, 17, and 34 g L(-1) of reducing sugar, respectively. Further studies on the morphological and compositional changes of rice straw upon treatment with the cellulase by scanning electron microscopy analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the disruption of the arrangement of fibers and changes in the functional groups that occur in cellulose. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a reduction in crystallinity of the rice straw upon treatment with the cellulase. Our study shows that H. koningii RSC1 could be a good choice for the production of cellulase and reducing sugars from rice straw.

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Effect of sodium silicate on forage digestion with rumen fluid of goats or cellulase using culture solutions adjusted for pH

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Responses in the rumen microbiome of Bos taurus and indicus steers fed a low-quality rice straw diet and supplemented protein

Responses in the rumen microbiome of Bos taurus and indicus steers fed a low-quality rice straw diet and supplemented protein

Effect of silica content on rice straw ruminal degradation

Cellulase production and saccharification of rice straw by the mutant strain Hypocrea koningii RSC1

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