Effect of Sodium Cromoglycate on Mast Cell Mediators during Hyperpnea in Athletes

Abstract

The results support mast cell activation with release of bronchoconstrictive mediators after hyperpnea in athletes with and without EIB and inhibition by SCG. The degree of airway responsiveness to the specific mediator released is likely to determine whether or not bronchoconstriction will occur after EVH.

Urinary excretion of lipid mediators in response to repeated eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea in asthmatic subjects

“…In contrast, the levels of metabolites of thromboxane and isoprostanes remained unchanged, indicating specificity in the excretion of eicosanoids. Using the mass spectrometry platform, we also documented increased levels of CysLTs, and metabolites of PGD 2 following the EVH challenge, thus replicating and validating by mass spectrometry our laboratory's previous findings using EIA only (18,19). The increased urinary excretion of those two bronchoconstrictive mediators following both of the two repeated EVH challenges is similar to our previous findings of mediator excretion following repeated mannitol inhalation challenge (22).…”

“…The bronchoconstricting mediators released into the airways are rapidly removed by the circulation and are excreted into the urine (20,27). Using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) methodology, our laboratory has previously demonstrated increased urinary excretion of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and the prostaglandin (PG) D 2 metabolites following exercise (28), EVH (18,19), and mannitol (22), respectively. Whereas CysLTs may be biosynthesized in many inflammatory cells, PGD 2 is almost exclusively produced by the mast cells, and its release, therefore, provides objective evidence of mast cell activation.…”

The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness, Sputum Eosinophilia, and Mast Cell Mediators in Asthma

“…There is strong evidence that the airway response to mannitol closely mimics central components of EIB, such as the activation of mast cells and eosinophils, resulting in the release of bronchoconstrictive mediators. 7,[9][10][11][12][13]19,20 However, the diff erences may lie in the intensity of the stimulus to the airways. Th e studies showing benefi t performed the exercise challenge until volitional exhaustion, which is a test that has a known low sensitivity to identifying EIB and which may induce milder airway responses in those with EIB.…”

Diagnostic Exercise Challenge Testing

“…The stimuli for indirect challenges to BHR encompass exercise, hypertonic saline, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), dry powder mannitol, and hyperpnea of cold or dry air or EVH ( [32]; to confirm asthma [30]; to evaluate new modalities for measuring airway narrowing [33]; and to evaluate two different bronchial provocation tests on day 1 [34] and define efficacy of medications [35][36][37]. This enhanced utilization of indirect tests is related to increased commercial availability of a standardized test kit for mannitol inhalation and also the increased need to define or identify EIB.…”