Effect of sodium concentration in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on intestinal absorption

Gisolfi, C. V.; Summers, Robert D.; Schedl, Harold P.; Bleiler, Timothy

doi:10.1249/00005768-199510000-00010

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…The reason why we did not ®nd any dierences in plasma D accumulation between GS and MS was probably that energy density rather than osmolality is the major determinant of gastric emptying of dilute carbohydrate solutions as has been reported by Vist and Maughan (1995). Recently, Gisol® et al (1995) have shown that adding some Na + to a 6% carbohydrate solution does not enhance¯uid absorption, which might explain why we did not ®nd any dierences in plasma D accumulation between M and MS. 0.5 (á 10 )3 ) * 4.8 0.6 (á 10 )3 ) * 4.5 0.8 (á 10 )3 ) * 4.6 0.6 (á 10 )3 ) * * P < 0.05 Compared to fraction in urine All beverages tested in this study seemed to be similarly ecient in replacing¯uid loss. However, the measurements of PV changes and of thermal and circulatory responses gave additional interesting information.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Effects of different carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages on the appearance of ingested deuterium in body fluids during moderate exercise by humans in the heat

Koulmann

Melin

Jimenez

et al. 1997

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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To determine whether different forms of glucose (free and polymer) associated with sodium chloride influence the rate of water absorption during exercise in the heat, six men took part in five trials. Each trial included a passive heating session which resulted in a 2% loss of body mass, followed by 1h of treadmill exercise (at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake) in warm conditions (dry bulb temperature 35 degrees C, relative humidity 20%-30%). Immediately before exercise, the subjects were given either no fluid or a volume equal to 50% of the fluid previously lost (about 650 ml), chosen from among four D2O-labelled beverages: mineral water, a 6% glucose-electrolyte solution (GS), a 6% maltodextrin solution and a 6% maltodextrin-electrolyte solution. No significant differences were observed among these various beverages so far as temporal accumulation of deuterium in plasma, sweat and urine was concerned. During GS, the plasma volume was completely restored and the drifts of heart rate and rectal temperature were less marked than during other trials. These results would suggest that rehydration with GS was more efficient, probably because of an internal redistribution of water. The proportion of ingested water was twice as high in sweat as it was in urine. These findings may reflect the essential part played by circulatory adjustments in the transfer of plasma water into sweat and urine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Effects of different carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages on the appearance of ingested deuterium in body fluids during moderate exercise by humans in the heat

Koulmann

Melin

Jimenez

et al. 1997

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Whatever the form of glucose and salt supply, GS, M and MS led to similar increases in plasma glucose concentration during exercise after dehydration, compared to Dh and W where glucose concentrations remained stable. That a higher glycaemia occurs with glucose ingestion is well known, and similar hyperglycaemia with or without NaCl supply has already been observed (Gisol® et al 1995;Hargreaves et al 1994). It has been shown that salt addition to glucose solutions would have eect neither on glucose absorption (Gisol® et al 1995;Hargreaves et al 1994) nor on glucose oxidation (Massicotte et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effects of various beverages on the hormones involved in energy metabolism during exercise in the heat in previously dehydrated subjects

Jimenez

Melin

Koulmann

et al. 1997

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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The objective of our study was to examine the effects of beverage content on hormone responses involved in fuel substrate metabolism (catecholamines, insulin and glucagon) in previously dehydrated subjects exercising at a moderate intensity in the heat. Six healthy men walked for 60-min on five occasions at 50% maximal oxygen uptake in a warm environment (dry bulb temperature 35 +/- 0.2 degrees C, relative humidity 20%). On each occasion, the subjects were dehydrated before exercise (loss of 2% body mass) by passive controlled hyperthermia, which led to a reduction in plasma volume (PV) of about -5% to -9%. In one session, the subjects exercised without rehydration (Dh). In the other sessions, four beverages (650 ml) were given just before the exercise: mineral water (W), a 60 g x l(-1) glucose and 1.2 g x l(-1) NaCl solution (GS), a 60 g x l(-1) maltodextrin solution, and a 60 g x l(-1) maltodextrin and 1.2 g x l(-1) NaCl solution. Compared to Dh and W, carbohydrate supply with or without NaCl induced a higher glycaemia (P < 0.05), a reduced increase in plasma adrenaline concentration (P < 0.05) and a higher plasma insulin concentration (P < 0.05), which lowered plasma free fatty acids and glycerol concentrations (P < 0.05). The lesser increase in plasma noradrenaline concentrations observed during GS compared to Dh and W sessions can be explained by a larger correction in PV which might have induced better haemodynamic conditions. However, the increase in plasma glucagon with carbohydrate supply--compared to Dh and W (P < 0.05)--remains unexplained.

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“…General results from these studies are still useful, however. Experiments by Duchman et al (1997), Gisolfi et al (1995), Shi et al (1995), and Schedl et al (1994) show that after an equilibration period, total' carbohydrate absorption matches the rate of carbohydrate emptying from the stomach up to rates of approximately 1.8 g/min. The study by Shi et al (1995) demonstrates that glucose and fructose use parallel absorption pathways, operating independently at approximately the same rate.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Transport occurs by an active mechanism using the sodium pump and may occur against a concentration gradient. Monosaccharide absorption may also occur by bulk flow through the paracellular pathway (Fordtran, 1975;Gisolfi et al, 1995;Pappenheimer and Reiss, 1987). The paracellular pathway is not considered'here.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments using a segmental perfusion technique (Duchman et al, 1997;Gisolfi et al, 1995;Shi et al, 1995;Schedl et al, 1994) provide accurate measurements of water and solute absorption only over a short segment of small intestine. Results cannot be extrapolated to the entire small intestine and are only appropriate during steady state.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Dynamic Nutrition Model (DYNUMO)

Doherty¹

2002

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of informatioi including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferso Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing fp comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)14-11-02 AUTHOR(S)Tammy J. Doherty 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 25151V5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Simulation Technologies, Inc. Ill West First Street Suite 748 Dayton, OH 45402-1106 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command Soldier Systems Center Natick, MA 01760-5020 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SBCCOM SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)NATICK/TR-03/006 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTPerformance of the warrior system depends to a great extent on the physical and cognitive capabilities of the warfighter. Metabolic fuel status is one factor that can be directly linked to those performance capabilities. This report describes the development of a dynamic nutrition model (DYNUMO) that simulates body metabolic fuel levels over time, in response to nutrient intake and energ; expenditure. DYNUMO is a simplification of the digestive and metabolic processes in the human body. Ingested food is absorbed into the blood. From there, absorbed nutrients may be stored in adipose tissue as triglycerides, stored in the liver or muscle as glycogen, converted to other metabolic fuels in the liver or utilized for energy. A regulatory system maintains blood glucose at near constant levels and conserves carbohydrate stores. Model algorithms are based on known physiology and biochemistry, with parameter values derived from existing experimental data. Although insufficient data were available for formal model validation, the model currently provides reasonable predictions of blood glucose levels following a single ingestion of a carbohydrate solution and of muscle glycogen levels following a single exercise bout. The model has not been fully tested, however, and it is likely that parameter values and the level of model detail will require adjustment in the future. SUBJECT TERMS Regulatory System 70 Initial Conditions 70Insulin 70 Glucagon 71 Epinephrine 71 Conclusions and Recommendati...

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Effect of sodium concentration in a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on intestinal absorption

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of different carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages on the appearance of ingested deuterium in body fluids during moderate exercise by humans in the heat

Effects of different carbohydrate-electrolyte beverages on the appearance of ingested deuterium in body fluids during moderate exercise by humans in the heat

Effects of various beverages on the hormones involved in energy metabolism during exercise in the heat in previously dehydrated subjects

Development of a Dynamic Nutrition Model (DYNUMO)

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