Effect of soda lime silica glass doping on ZnO varistor ceramics: dry milling method

Ismail, Nur Quratul Aini; Saat, Nor Kamilah; Zaid, Mohd Hafiz Mohd

doi:10.1080/21870764.2020.1793472

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Distilled water was used as the immersion fluid. The density was determined using the following equation [ 29 ]:

where

is the composite weight in distilled water,

is the composite weight in air, and

is the density of the distilled water (1 gm/cm 3 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Recycled Fe2O3 Nanofiller on the Structural, Thermal, Mechanical, Dielectric, and Magnetic Properties of PTFE Matrix

et al. 2021

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The purpose of this study was to improve the dielectric, magnetic, and thermal properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites using recycled Fe2O3 (rFe2O3) nanofiller. Hematite (Fe2O3) was recycled from mill scale waste and the particle size was reduced to 11.3 nm after 6 h of high-energy ball milling. Different compositions (5–25 wt %) of rFe2O3 nanoparticles were incorporated as a filler in the PTFE matrix through a hydraulic pressing and sintering method in order to fabricate rFe2O3–PTFE nanocomposites. The microstructure properties of rFe2O3 nanoparticles and the nanocomposites were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The thermal expansion coefficients (CTEs) of the PTFE matrix and nanocomposites were determined using a dilatometer apparatus. The complex permittivity and permeability were measured using rectangular waveguide connected to vector network analyzer (VNA) in the frequency range 8.2–12.4 GHz. The CTE of PTFE matrix decreased from 65.28×10−6/°C to 39.84×10−6/°C when the filler loading increased to 25 wt %. The real (ε′) and imaginary (ε″) parts of permittivity increased with the rFe2O3 loading and reached maximum values of 3.1 and 0.23 at 8 GHz when the filler loading was increased from 5 to 25 wt %. A maximum complex permeability of 1.1−j0.07 was also achieved by 25 wt % nanocomposite at 10 GHz.

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“…Distilled water was used as the immersion fluid. The density was determined using the following equation [ 29 ]:

where

is the composite weight in distilled water,

is the composite weight in air, and

is the density of the distilled water (1 gm/cm 3 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distilled water was used as the immersion fluid. The density was determined using the following equation [29]:…”

Section: Electronic Densitometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Recycled Fe2O3 Nanofiller on the Structural, Thermal, Mechanical, Dielectric, and Magnetic Properties of PTFE Matrix

et al. 2021

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“…Distilled water was then used as the reference liquid. Hence, the density of the sample was calculated using the following equation [ 19 ].

where

is the density of the composite,

is the density of distilled water, and

and

are the weights of the sample in air and distilled water, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distilled water was then used as the reference liquid. Hence, the density of the sample was calculated using the following equation [19].…”

Section: Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Particle Size on the Dielectric, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Recycled Borosilicate Glass-Filled PTFE Microwave Substrates

et al. 2021

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Low dielectric loss and low-cost recycled borosilicate (BRS) glass-reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites were fabricated for microwave substrate applications. The composites were prepared through a dry powder processing technique by dispersing different micron sizes (25 µm, 45 µm, 63 µm, 90 µm, and 106 µm) of the recycled BRS filler in the PTFE matrix. The effect of the filler sizes on the composites’ thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties was studied. The dielectric properties of the composites were characterised in the frequency range of 1–12 GHz using an open-ended coaxial probe (OCP) connected to a vector network analyser (VNA). XRD patterns confirmed the phase formation of PTFE and recycled BRS glass. The scanning electron microscope also showed good filler dispersion at larger filler particle sizes. In addition, the composites’ coefficient of thermal expansion and tensile strength decreased from 12.93 MPa and 64.86 ppm/°C to 7.12 MPa and 55.77 ppm/°C when the filler size is reduced from 106 μm to 25 μm. However, moisture absorption and density of the composites increased from 0.01% and 2.17 g/cm3 to 0.04% and 2.21 g/cm3. The decrement in filler size from 106 μm to 25 μm also increased the mean dielectric constant and loss tangent of the composites from 2.07 and 0.0010 to 2.18 and 0.0011, respectively, while it reduced the mean signal transmission speed from 2.088 × 108 m/s to 2.031 × 108 m/s. The presented results showed that PTFE/recycled BRS composite exhibited comparable characteristics with commercial high-frequency laminates.

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“…where T is the absolute temperature, A is the Richardson's constant (30 A/cm 2 K 2 ), K B is the Boltzmann constant (8.167 x 10 -5 ev/K), Φ B is potential barrier height, β is a constant related to the potential barrier width by the relationship constant [24]. [30]. This is due to the smaller radius of Si ions (r = 0.26 Å) than that of Zn ions (r=0.74 Å), excess Si ion may diffuse into grain boundaries and form the Zn 2 SiO 4 phase.…”

Section: J-e Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sintering time on microstructure and electrical properties of varistor ceramics ZnO-CoO-SLS glass

2021

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The influence of sintering time on the microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO-CoO-SLS (soda lime silica) glass varistor based ceramics has been investigated. With increased sintering time, the density of the sintered pellets increased from 5.060 to 5.644 g/cm3 resulting in an increase of the nonlinear coefficient and barrier height of the ZnO-CoO-SLS glass varistor ceramics from 6.742 to 8.252 and 0.846 to 0.955 eV, respectively. The breakdown voltage is inversely proportional to the leakage current. The breakdown voltage increases from 183.7 to 278.6 V/cm and the leakage current decreases from 5.832 to 4.324 ?A/cm2 as the sintering time is increased from 60 to 150 minutes but as the increase sintering time of 150 minutes their value decreases to 222.8 V/cm and increases to 5.078 ?A/cm2. The high nonlinearity of 7.366 with lowest leakage current of 4.324 ?A/cm2 has been achieved from the varistor sintered at 150 minutes, breakdown voltage of 278.6 V/cm and barrier height of 0.954 eV.

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Effect of soda lime silica glass doping on ZnO varistor ceramics: dry milling method

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of Recycled Fe2O3 Nanofiller on the Structural, Thermal, Mechanical, Dielectric, and Magnetic Properties of PTFE Matrix

Effects of Recycled Fe2O3 Nanofiller on the Structural, Thermal, Mechanical, Dielectric, and Magnetic Properties of PTFE Matrix

Effects of Particle Size on the Dielectric, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Recycled Borosilicate Glass-Filled PTFE Microwave Substrates

Effect of sintering time on microstructure and electrical properties of varistor ceramics ZnO-CoO-SLS glass

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