Effect of Socioeconomic Status on the Linkage Between Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts

Kim, Jeong Lim; Kim, Ji Man; Choi, Young Shik; Lee, Tae Hoon; Park, Sohee

doi:10.1111/sltb.12242

Cited by 58 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Unemployment and low socioeconomic status represent important variables in the attempted suicides and committed suicides [13, 15, 16], while low education and unemployed young adult men and women had significantly higher rates of attempts [17]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attempted suicide in Podgorica, Montenegro: higher rates in females and unemployed males

Stevović

Vodopić

2017

Ann Gen Psychiatry

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BackgroundA change in suicide attempts is associated with comprehensive changes in mental and physical health and social environment. Attempted suicide and suicide are one of the biggest problems nowadays worldwide, not only in the field of mental health but also in the field of public health. The aim of the research was to determine the number of attempted suicides as well as the influence of clinical and demographic variables on the attempted suicide rate.MethodsThe data on the attempted suicide were analysed in the period 2012–2016 based on the data from the Emergency Ward of the Clinical Centre of Montenegro in Podgorica. The rate of attempted suicides as well as the unemployment rate was calculated. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics of the raw data and relative numbers, Chi-squared test, Fisher’s test and Spearman coefficient.ResultsThe average age of males who attempted suicide was 38.35 ± 14.11, min 15 and max 88 years of age, and the age of women was 38.97 ± 16.81, min 16 and max 93 years of age. Women attempted suicide more frequently (p < 0.05). Female/male ratio during the investigation period slightly declined (1.93 in 2012 vs. 1.29 in 2016). The attempted suicide rates ranged from 103 per 100,000 residents in 2016 to 142 per 100,000 residents in 2015. Crude attempt rate was the highest in women in 2012 (102.42 per 100,000 residents) and for men in 2014 and 2015 (84.48 vs. 83.06 per 100,000 residents). Poisoning with psychotropic drugs was the dominant manner of attempt (93.2%), while the largest number of attempts was in the late spring and summer (May, June and July). Attempted suicide rate in man was associated with higher unemployment rate.ConclusionsAlthough women make the majority of attempted suicide cases, there has been a decline in the value of the rate for women and a rise for men. The attempted suicide rates in Podgorica belong to lower rates compared to the WHO European multicentre study on parasuicide. Poisoning with psychotropic drugs was the predominant manner, while the highest number of attempted suicides was in the late spring and summer (May, June and July). Unemployment influences men to attempt suicide much more frequently.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attempted suicide in Podgorica, Montenegro: higher rates in females and unemployed males

Stevović

Vodopić

2017

Ann Gen Psychiatry

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“…Furthermore, Kim et al found that 9.3% of individuals with suicidal thoughts had committed suicide. 27 After classification by age and sex, their results showed significantly higher rates of suicide attempts among unemployed young men and women with low education. 27 Moreover, the lowest income level was significantly related with suicide attempts in young women.…”

Section: Multiple Regression Between Suicidal Tendency and Mental Heamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 After classification by age and sex, their results showed significantly higher rates of suicide attempts among unemployed young men and women with low education. 27 Moreover, the lowest income level was significantly related with suicide attempts in young women. This is consistent with the results of this study because in the current study the income and education level had a significant relationship with suicidal tendency, and socioeconomic status significantly predicted it.…”

Section: Multiple Regression Between Suicidal Tendency and Mental Heamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of suicidal ideations based on socioeconomic status and mental health among University of Tabriz students

Shafiee-Kandjani

Alizadeh

Vazifehkhorani

et al. 2019

J Anal Res Clin Med

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of socioeconomic status and dimensions of mental health with suicidal tendency among students of the University of Tabriz, Iran. Methods: The present descriptive and correlational study was conducted on 900 students of the University of Tabriz in the academic year of 2016-2017. The study tools included the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and Socio-Economic Status Questionnaire (SESQ) of Ghodratnama et al. Results: Correlation results showed that depression (r = 0.514, P < 0.01), psychoticism (r = 0.478, P < 0.01), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (r = 0.463, P < 0.01), respectively, had the highest correlation with suicidal ideations. Somatization was also correlated with suicidal ideations (r = 0.231, P < 0.05). Of the components of socioeconomic status, income (r = -0.401, P < 0.01), and the economic class component (r = -0.321, P < 0.05) had the highest correlation coefficients, respectively. Results of regression analysis indicated that the mental health variable predicted suicide in merely 58.6% of people. Moreover, with the addition of the socioeconomic status variable to the equation, both variables predicted an average of 71.6% of the overall suicidal ideations among individuals. Conclusion: Results indicated that mental health difficulties and socioeconomic problems might have a negative impact on the development of suicidal thoughts. Therefore, it is highly recommended that students’ mental health and social/financial problems be taken into consideration by educational managers responsible in universities, a mission that would be included in curriculum plans.

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“…(Nonetheless, and particularly in populations or individuals with significant disparities, we cannot discount the possibility that much depression may go undiagnosed, either because it may differ from a classic clinically-diagnosable depression, such as demoralization or disenfranchisement, or it may simply go unsurveyed.) Of interest in the context of these analyses, one of the most consistently identified risk factors for depression and suicide, broadly across races/ethnicities and nationalities in the US and worldwide, is one's income bracket [37,45,46,51], or perhaps more specifically, one's income "rank" or socioeconomic status (often also correlated with lower educational status) [52][53][54][55][56].…”

Section: Driving Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, estimates suggest that 20% of US children have a diagnosable mental health condition, and "[m]ore than half of mental illness emerges before age 14" [81], yet 85% of those needing treatment do not receive it [60,81]. Suicide is the second leading cause of death for 10-34 year olds, fourth leading cause of death for [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] year olds, and 8th leading for ages 55-64 [82].…”

Section: Driving Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising US Suicides: Achieving Health Equity

Perry¹,

Allison²,

Bastiampillai³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Evidence suggests that increased availability of mental health treatment has not significantly reduced depression prevalence and suicide in the US, and that significant personal (i.e., stigma) or practical/logistical barriers to effective mental health care remain. Mental health treatment has increased in the US since the early 1990s with greater use of antidepressant medications, especially SSRIs, however suicide rates continue to climb, with significant gender, ethnic, geographic, socioeconomic, and other health disparities. Depression rates are at best stable, but are increasing in certain subpopulations such as youths ages 12-17. Combating these distressing trends to achieve health equity will require more attention to promising and evidence-based, sustainable, proactive, practical solutions that address the varied causes, demographics, and differential risk factors and mechanisms of suicide deaths. Herein we explore sociodemographic disparities that exist in suicide deaths, with emphasis on two of the largest modifiable targets for suicide prevention: untreated or undertreated depression, and access to the lethal means (firearms) that cause more suicide deaths than all other means combined, and thus pose the greatest threat to individual and public health. Furthermore, we newly define increased or unsafe (i.e. disparate) access to firearms as a suicide health disparity that promotes health inequities. To achieve the greatest results in suicide prevention across all groups, we need 1) more emphasis on policies and universal programs shown to reduce suicidal behaviors, and 2) enhanced focus on the two largest modifiable targets for suicide prevention: depression and firearms.

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Effect of Socioeconomic Status on the Linkage Between Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts

Cited by 58 publications

References 33 publications

Attempted suicide in Podgorica, Montenegro: higher rates in females and unemployed males

Attempted suicide in Podgorica, Montenegro: higher rates in females and unemployed males

Prediction of suicidal ideations based on socioeconomic status and mental health among University of Tabriz students

Rising US Suicides: Achieving Health Equity

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