Effect of Social Structure on Genetic Structure of Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer in the Adirondack Mountains

Molecular Evidence for Kin Groups in the Absence of Large-Scale Genetic Differentiation in a Migratory Bird

“…Rigorous assessment of the fitness consequenes of alloparenting will require detailed behavioral observations. Genetic substructuring, in the presence or absence of macrogeographic differentiation, has been reported in cyprinid fish (To1ine and Baker 1994), cooperatively breeding birds (Edwards 1993), rodents (Ferris et al 1983;Plante et al 1989), deer (Mathews and Porter 1993), whales (Amos et al 1993), and primates (Aoki and Nozawa 1984;Pope 1992). Results of the present study indicate that kin groups may evolve under a broad range of conditions, and underline the need for more extensive investigations into the prevalence of microgeographic structuring, especially in birds.…”

“…Nonetheless, the genetics of microgeographic structuring have been studied in only a few species of mammals (Ferris et al 1983;Aoki and Nozawa 1984;Plante et al 1989;Pope 1992;Amos et al 1993;Mathews and Porter 1993;Morin et al 1994), fish (Toline and Baker 1994), and cooperatively breeding birds (e.g., Edwards 1993). The generally weak large-scale differentiation in birds (e.g., Ball et al 1988; Barrowclough and Johnson 1988;BirtFriesen et al 1992;Zink and Dittmann 1993;Wenink et al 1994; but see also Baker et al 1990;Wenink et al 1993;Zink 1994) may have lead to a presumption that birds do not generally form kin groups, yet studies of mammals indicate that micro-and macrogeographic differentiation are independent (e.g., Ferris et al 1983;Pope 1992).…”

A Comparison of Survey Techniques for Medium- to Large-Sized Mammals in Forested Wetlands

“…On the other hand, during 1980-83, it appeared that intensive removals in the southeastern residential sector, zone la (Figure 1), was responsible for a sharp drop in animals counted there the following 4-5 winters along with the impression by residents that local numbers were effectively reduced for some time. We reasoned that the removals had included the majority of matriarchal does or group leaders, and hence may have broken a learned habit of using that neighborhood, as suggested with the "Rose-Petal" hypothesis (Porter et al 1991, Mathews andPorter 1993).…”

Test of Localized Management for Reducing Deer Browsing in Forest Regeneration Areas

“…This model of social structuring and population expansion has led researchers to question traditional concepts for deer management that often emphasize population reductions on a large geographical area. Accordingly localized management has been proposed as a management tool that exploits the social structuring of deer (Porter et al 1991, Mathews and Porter 1993, McNulty et al 1997. This technique involves the surgical removal of a matriarchal social group(s) from a limited geographical area to create a 10-15-year period of reduced deer densities (Porter et al 1991).…”