Effect of Sn2O3 doping on structural, optical and dielectric properties of ZnO ceramics

Studies on structural and electrical properties of ZnO/TiO 2 composite materials

“…Hence, the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) is the dominant conduction mechanism. These results are consistent with previous reports obtained for Mg-doped ZnO [50], Zndoped SnO 2 [51] and Sn 2 O 3 -doped ZnO pellets [12]. In the CBH model, the electrons in the charged defect states hop over the Coulombic barrier whose height m W is given as:…”

“…This type of electrical behaviors is observed for ionic disordered ceramics [21][22][23][24][25][26]. The augmentation of dc conductivity is mainly caused by the thermal activation of carrier traps in doped ZnO pellets [12,19]. The variation of the dc…”

“…Also, it is observed that the grain sizes of each of ZnO/TiO 2 composition exhibit a decrease with the increase in TiO 2 content. This can be interpreted in terms of lattice distortion and the segregation effects of crystalline phases [19,12].…”

“…As seen in the Table 1, the grain size of the pellets decreases with the increase in TiO 2 content. This may be probably due to the effect of crystallization process with doping [12].…”

“…During the preparation of the material, many possible defects such as grain boundary, interface defects; shallow and deep traps levels [12] may occur. In fact, oxygen is found to be present at the interfaces and at the grain boundaries, which is important in creating the barrier height.…”