Effect of Smoking Status on Productivity Loss

Bunn, William B.; Stave, Gregg M.; Downs, Kristen; Alvir, J.; Dirani, Riad

doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000243406.08419.74

Cited by 110 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Smoking also causes significant societal consequences globally in the form of work productivity impairment. Working smokers in the US are estimated to miss an average of 2.3 more workdays annually than those who have never smoked and be less productive while at work 5, 6, 7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of quitting smoking on work productivity and activity impairment in the United States, the European Union and China

et al. 2017

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SummaryBackgroundSmoking has important health and economic consequences for individuals and society. This study expands the understanding of work‐related burden associated with smoking and benefit of smoking cessation across the US, European Union (EU) and China using large‐scale, representative survey methodology.MethodsData utilised the 2013 National Health and Wellness Survey in United States (US), EU5 (UK, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain) and China. Working‐aged respondents 18‐64 were used in the analyses (US N=58 500; EU5 N=50 417; China N=17 987) and were categorised into: current smokers, trying to quit, former smokers and never smokers. Generalised linear models controlling for demographics and health characteristics examined the relationship of smoking status with work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI‐GH). The WPAI‐GH measures were: absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work impairment, and activity impairment. Separately, current smokers were compared with those who quit 0‐4, 5‐10 and 11 or more years ago on WPAI‐GH end‐points.ResultsCurrent smokers reported greater absenteeism in the US and China and greater presenteeism, overall work impairment, and activity impairment than former and never smokers across the three regions. Those who quit even 0‐4 years ago demonstrated lower absenteeism, presenteeism, and activity impairment in China and lower presenteeism, overall work impairment, and activity impairment in the US and EU5.ConclusionsSmoking was associated with significant work productivity loss in the US, EU5 and China. The results suggest that quitting benefits extend to work productivity rapidly after cessation, serving to further encourage and promote the implementation of workplace cessation programs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of quitting smoking on work productivity and activity impairment in the United States, the European Union and China

et al. 2017

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“…Efforts to reduce smoking-related costs (e.g. absenteeism, sick-leave, health care and insurance costs) and promote smoke-free workplaces will greatly contribute to the economic sustainability of SMEs [14,15]. Thus, better understanding non-smokers' readiness to act assertively against SHS exposure is important because assertiveness can facilitate the successful implementation of smoke-free IJOMEH 2013;26(6) 942 Job status was measured with the item "Please describe your job position" followed by five response options (executive officer or manager, secretary/clerk, sales, technical support, other).…”

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoke-free policies and non-smokers’ reactions to SHS exposure in small and medium enterprises

Sivri¹,

Lazuras²,

Rodafinos³

et al. 2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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Introduction: Non-smoker employees can significantly improve the existing smoke-free policies in the workplace by asserting their right for smoke-free air and confronting smoker colleagues. The aim of the study was to assess the psychological and social drivers of non-smokers' readiness to assert their right for smoke-free air in the workplace. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six small-and-medium enterprises (SME) with diverse background were randomly selected, and 284 employees agreed to participate in the study. Our study focused on the responses of 85 non-smokers (M age = 34 years, SD = 7.98, 84.2% worked in indoor offices). A cross-sectional design was used and participants completed a structured anonymous questionnaire assessing background and demographic characteristics, and psychosocial predictors of assertiveness intentions. Results: Although more than half of non-smokers reported they were often/almost always bothered by exposure to SHS, roughly one third of them reported having asked their colleagues not to smoke at work. Regression analysis showed that the effects of distal predictors (i.e. annoyance due to SHS exposure) were mediated by past behaviour, attitudes (protection motivation beliefs), social norms, and self-efficacy. Conclusions: Health beliefs related to SHS exposure, and concerns about workplace health and job performance, social norms and self-efficacy can increase the assertiveness of non-smokers in workplace settings. Related campaigns should focus on communicating normative messages and self-efficacy training to empower non-smoker employees to act assertively towards protecting their smoke-free rights.

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“…Providing workplace smoking cessation programs should be also considered and may result in substantial health and economic benefits with economic savings exceeding the cost of the programs within a relatively short period of time [34][35][36]. In Poland, it seems that still little attention is paid to these issues, and there are many areas for improvement using well-known effective solutions and strategies [33,37].…”

Section: Study Limitations and Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heaviness of smoking among employed men and women in Poland

Kaleta¹,

Wojtysiak²,

Usidame³

et al. 2015

Int J Occup Med Environ Health

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Objectives: At least 50% of smokers die prematurely. Those who smoke heavily are at an increased health risk. The purpose of the current report was to evaluate socio-demographic correlates of heavy smoking among employed men and women. Material and Methods: Data derive from the representative, household study -the Global Adult Tobacco Survey conducted in Poland over the years [2008][2009][2010]. Results: Of 14 000 households selected for the survey, 7840 sampled individuals completed the interviews. Among 1189 daily smokers, the rate of heavy smokers was 63.5% in males and 43% in employed females (p < 0.001). The study showed that age and age at the smoking onset were significantly associated with heavy smoking among both genders. Among males and females the heavy smoking rate was the highest in the subjects that started smoking at the age between 14-17 years compared to those who started smoking at the age ≥ 21 years (odds ratio (OR) = 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2-5.5, p < 0.001 and OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4-5.3, p < 0.0001, respectively). The men with house rules that prohibited smoking with some exceptions were 2.4 times more likely to be heavy smokers in comparison with those having rules which completely prohibited it (p < 0.01). The men working in workplaces where smoking was prohibited in all indoor areas were at lower odds of heavy smoking relative to those working in areas where smoking was allowed everywhere (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9, p < 0.05). Among the men, there was also an association between job features and heavy smoking, which was not observed among the women. Conclusions: These findings should be taken into account while developing tobacco control measures addressed to economically active population.

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Effect of Smoking Status on Productivity Loss

Abstract: Current smokers incurred the highest productivity losses, which translated into higher costs to employers for current smokers. Costs were lower for former smokers and nonsmokers.

Cited by 110 publications

References 26 publications

Benefits of quitting smoking on work productivity and activity impairment in the United States, the European Union and China

Benefits of quitting smoking on work productivity and activity impairment in the United States, the European Union and China

Smoke-free policies and non-smokers’ reactions to SHS exposure in small and medium enterprises

Heaviness of smoking among employed men and women in Poland

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