Effect of smoking on crevicular polymorphonuclear neutrophil function in periodontally healthy subjects

Abstract

Cigarette smoking adversely affected PMN viability and function in this periodontally healthy population.

Effect of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Volume in Smokers

“…The ability of PMNs to phagocytose was significantly impaired in light, moderate and heavy smokers compared to non-smokers [13] .…”

Periodontal and systemic health conditions of the patients treated in the student clinic of department of periodontology betweeen the years 2012-2014

“…Son zamanlarda yapılan deneysel ve klinik çalışmalar, sigaranın periodontal hastalık üzerine olan immun enflamatuvar etkisine odaklanmıştır. Damarlarda vazokonstrüksi-yon, kan akımında azalma, osteoklast aktivitesinde artış, kollajen sentezinde azalma ve kollajenaz üretiminde artışa neden olarak lokal [25][26][27] yollarla, PMNL'lerin fagositoz ve kemotaksis fonksiyonlarında bozulma, proenflamatuvar sitokinlerin salınımında artış ve periodontopatojenlere karşı antikor üretimini azalmaya neden olarak sistemik 27,28 yollarla periodontal hastalık patogenezinde ve gelişiminde rol oynamaktadır. Sigara içen bireylerin içmeyenlere göre periodontal hastalığa yakalanma olasılığının 3-6 kez daha fazla olduğu rapor edilmiştir.…”

Deliberations on Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy

“…According to Johnson and Guthmiller it increases the odds of developing periodontal disease 2 to 8 -fold, depending on the definition of disease severity and smoking dose. The exact mechanism of smoking action is still unknown however several mechanisms for negative periodontal effects of smoking are proposed which include decreased Ig G2 production [14], chronic reduction in blood flow and vascularity [15], increased prevalence of potential periodontal pathogens [16], shift in neutrophil function towards destructive activities [17], negative effects on cytokine and growth factor production [18], and inhibition of fibroblast growth, attachment and collagen production [19]. These mechanisms in one way or another, makes individuals more susceptible to periodontal disease and compromise the healing response.…”