Effect of smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy on the occurrence of low birthweight in a farming region in South Africa

Jackson, Debra; Batiste, Elize; Rendall-Mkosi, Kirstie Margaret

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2007.00847.x

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Those who screen positive for AEP risk can benefit from programmes to reduce their drinking and/or increase their uptake of contraceptives such as brief advice and/or brief motivational counselling (e.g., Floyd et al, 2007) and referrals to substance use and family planning services, where necessary. Given our consistent finding of a strong association between smoking and risk of AEP, and the association of low birth weight with tobacco use alone (Jackson, Batiste, & Rendall-Mkosi, 2007;Steyn, de Wet, Saloojee, Nel, & Yach, 2006) or in combination with alcohol use (Jackson et al, 2007) during pregnancy, women of child-bearing age should also be screened routinely for and advised on smoking and other possible drugusing behaviours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Predictors of risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies among women in an urban and a rural area of South Africa

Morojele

London

Olorunju

et al. 2010

Social Science & Medicine

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a b s t r a c tThe study sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of being at risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) among women of child-bearing age in an urban and rural location in South Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional household survey of 1018 women aged 18-44 years in one urban (n ¼ 606) and one rural (n ¼ 412) site. The women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. We defined the primary dependent variable, being at risk of having an AEP, as current alcohol use, not being pregnant, being fertile, and no effective use of contraceptives. The independent variables included demographic, substance use, health perceptions, psycho-social, and partner characteristics. The rural women (21.84%) were more likely than their urban counterparts (11.22%) to be at risk of an AEP. In multiple logistic regression analyses, significant predictors of being in the ''at risk'' group for the urban women were (a) being 'white' as opposed to 'black/African', and being 'coloured' as opposed to 'black/African'; and (b) current smoking. For the rural women, significant risk factors were (a) current smoking and (b) early onset of alcohol use. The significant protective factors were (a) education; (b) knowledge about Fetal Alcohol Syndrome; (c) parity. Use of stricter alcohol use criteria (i.e., three or more drinks and five or more drinks per sitting) in the definition of risk of an AEP yielded slightly different patterns of significant predictors. The results revealed high levels of risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy, especially amongst the rural women, and a need for location-specific prevention programmes. The high burden of AEP in South Africa calls for the establishment of national AEP prevention strategies and programmes as a matter of urgency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Predictors of risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies among women in an urban and a rural area of South Africa

Morojele

London

Olorunju

et al. 2010

Social Science & Medicine

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“…It is most likely that alcohol and cigarette smoking have synergistic effects on some adverse outcomes of pregnancy. This combined effect has been demonstrated on term growth restriction [36] . In addition, the combined effects of smoking and drinking increase the risk of preterm birth by 46% in contrast to the 30% reflected by the sum of the adjusted odds ratios for either smoking or drinking only [33] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In a recent case-control study, Jackson et al [36] compared 200 infants with a birth weight of ! 2,500 g with 200 unmatched infants of normal birth weight.…”

Section: Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on Perinatal Outcome

Odendaal

Steyn

Elliott

et al. 2008

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Background: An increase in various congenital abnormalities associated with cigarette smoking and the use of alcohol during pregnancy has been reported in many studies. These exposures also increase the risk of pregnancy complications such as abruptio placentae, unexplained stillbirth, preterm labor and intrauterine growth restriction. However, very few studies have addressed the combined effect of smoking and drinking on pregnancy outcomes. Methods: In this review, the adverse effects of smoking or drinking on pregnancy were obtained from publications in which both substances were addressed in the same study population. A special effort was made to find studies in which the combined effect of these substances was investigated. Results: Preterm labor occurred more frequently in women who drank and smoked during pregnancy. This increased odds ratio was more than the sum of the effects of either smoking or drinking, indicating that the use of both substances by the same woman has a synergistic effect that increases the risk of preterm labor. This synergistic effect was also found for low birth weight and growth restriction. Conclusions: As most of the women who drink during pregnancy also smoke cigarettes, attention should be given to the prevention or reduced use of both substances during pregnancy.

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“…This risk is 4-times greater in smokers than nonsmokers, and 6-times greater in women who smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day. Tobacco is also associated with a higher risk of having a preterm labor, complications during labor, and a low birth weight neonate [13,14]. If the mother quits in the first 3 months of pregnancy, the risk of having an LBW neonate will be similar to that of a nonsmoker.…”

Section: Promote Abstinence From Smokingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actions needed to improve maternal health

Al-Saleh

Renzo

2009

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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The health of mothers and their children is of critical importance, both as a reflection of the current health status of a large segment of the world's population and as a predictor of the health of the next generation. A range of indicators of maternal and neonatal health exist-those primarily affecting pregnant and postpartum women, and those affecting the health and survival of infants. Pregnancy outcome may be affected by toxicant exposure, maternal habits, occupational hazards, psychosocial factors, socioeconomic status, racial disparity, chronic stress, and infections. An increase in obstetric pathologies related to lifestyle, environment, aging, and diet has been seen in Western countries. Large segments of the population are obese and this factor is associated with a great number of adverse reproductive health outcomes. In other countries, the most important objective is to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases and their transmission from mother to fetus. AIDS remains the leading cause of death of children worldwide.

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Effect of smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy on the occurrence of low birthweight in a farming region in South Africa

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Predictors of risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies among women in an urban and a rural area of South Africa

Predictors of risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies among women in an urban and a rural area of South Africa

Combined Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on Perinatal Outcome

Actions needed to improve maternal health

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