Effect of smokeless tobacco use in humans on mucosal immune factors

Gregory, Richard L.; Kindle, Janice C.; Hobbs, Laura C.; Malmström, Hans

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(91)90050-5

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Twenty-two studies examined the relation between salivary immunoglobulins and caries status. 12,16,29,30,45,46,50,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] The levels of specific sIgA showed a modest inverse relationship with caries risk, and the literature is nearly equally divided for and against an anticaries role of specific sIgA. Seven studies reported an inverse relationship between specific sIgA antibodies in saliva (for example, anti-S. mutans sIgA) and caries status, 74,79,[81][82][83][84][85] while two studies reported that caries was related to increased levels of specific sIgA 80,86 and five studies reported no relationship between specific sIgA immunoglobulins and caries.…”

Section: Evidence For the Increased Risk Of Caries Associated With Samentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seven studies reported an inverse relationship between specific sIgA antibodies in saliva (for example, anti-S. mutans sIgA) and caries status, 74,79,[81][82][83][84][85] while two studies reported that caries was related to increased levels of specific sIgA 80,86 and five studies reported no relationship between specific sIgA immunoglobulins and caries. 16,29,30,77,87 With one exception, these reports examined subjects who were healthy or had medical conditions not directly related to immunoglobulin deficiency. 30 The levels of total sIgA, in contrast to specific sIgA, were found not to be good risk indicators.…”

Section: Evidence For the Increased Risk Of Caries Associated With Samentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical and Chemical Aspects of Saliva as Indicators of Risk for Dental Caries in Humans

Leone

Oppenheim²

2001

Journal of Dental Education

170

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The etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries are known to be multifactorial, but the interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic factors is still not fully understood. As in other host/parasite interactions, there appear to be marked variations in individual susceptibility to the disease. It therefore is likely that intrinsic host factors play a key role in modulating the initiation and progression of caries. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate critically the evidence supporting the role and effects of saliva in caries pathogenesis. The full-length evidence report, including evidence tables, and the structured abstract presented at the NIH/NIDCR Consensus Development Conference on the Diagnosis and Management of Dental Caries Throughout Life, March 26-28, 2001, can be accessed at the web site http://www.nidcr.nih.gov. The present abridged report is a summary of the main findings from our evidence-based review. . The complete version of this paper can be viewed at http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/news/consensus.asp.

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Section: Evidence For the Increased Risk Of Caries Associated With Samentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence For the Increased Risk Of Caries Associated With Samentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Chemical Aspects of Saliva as Indicators of Risk for Dental Caries in Humans

Leone

Oppenheim²

2001

Journal of Dental Education

170

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“…Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis have shown decreased levels of amylase and total protein (Dutta etal, 1992). Smokeless tobacco users have shown decreased lysozyme and lactoferrin together with elevated slgA (Gregory et al, 1991). Variation from these sources may be of minor importance in many studies, but it can be controlled through the use of questionnaires.…”

Section: (D) Long-term Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Does Variability in Salivary Protein Concentrations Influence Oral Microbial Ecology and Oral Health?

Rudney

1995

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

113

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Salivary protein interactions with oral microbes in vitro include aggregation, adherence, cell-killing, inhibition of metabolism, and nutrition. Such interactions might be expected to influence oral ecology. However, inconsistent results have been obtained from in vivo tests of the hypothesis that quantitative variation in salivary protein concentrations will affect oral disease prevalence. Results may have been influenced by choices made during study design, including saliva source, stimulation status, control for flow rate, and assay methods. Salivary protein concentrations also may be subject to circadian variation. Values for saliva collected at the same time of day tend to remain consistent within subjects, but events such as stress, inflammation, infection, menstruation, or pregnancy may induce short-term changes. Long-term factors such as aging, systemic disease, or medication likewise may influence salivary protein concentrations. Such sources of variation may increase the sample size needed to find statistically significant differences. Clinical studies also must consider factors such as human population variation, strain and species differences in protein-microbe interactions, protein polymorphism, and synergistic or antagonistic interaction between proteins. Salivary proteins may form heterotypic complexes with unique effects, and different proteins may exert redundant effects. Patterns of protein-microbe interaction also may differ between oral sites. Future clinical studies must take those factors into account. Promising approaches might involve meta-analysis or multi-center studies, retrospective and prospective longitudinal designs, short-term measurement of salivary protein effects, and consideration of individual variation in multiple protein effects such as aggregation, adherence, and cell-killing.

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“…In addition, we previously reported that smokeless tobacco users had significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin A and J chains, but lower levels of secretory component, lactoferrin, and lysozyme levels in whole saliva than non-tobacco users, which indicated that smokers had impaired immune responses. 7,8,9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sortase in Streptococcus mutans under the effect of nicotine

Huang

Zhou

et al. 2013

Int J Oral Sci

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Streptococcus mutans is a common Gram-positive bacterium and plays a significant role in dental caries. Tobacco and/or nicotine have documented effects on S. mutans growth and colonization. Sortase A is used by many Gram-positive bacteria, including S. mutans, to facilitate the insertion of certain cell surface proteins, containing an LPXTGX motif such as antigen I/II. This study examined the effect of nicotine on the function of sortase A to control the physiology and growth of S. mutans using wild-type S. mutans NG8, and its isogenic sortase-defective and -complemented strains. Briefly, the strains were treated with increasing amounts of nicotine in planktonic growth, biofilm metabolism, and sucrose-induced and saliva-induced antigen I/II-dependent biofilm formation assays. The strains exhibited no significant differences with different concentrations of nicotine in planktonic growth assays. However, they had significantly increased (P≤0.05) biofilm metabolic activity (2- to 3-fold increase) as the concentration of nicotine increased. Furthermore, the sortase-defective strain was more sensitive metabolically to nicotine than the wild-type or sortase-complemented strains. All strains had significantly increased sucrose-induced biofilm formation (2- to 3-fold increase) as a result of increasing concentrations of nicotine. However, the sortase-defective strain was not able to make as much sucrose- and saliva-induced biofilm as the wild-type NG8 did with increasing nicotine concentrations. These results indicated that nicotine increased metabolic activity and sucrose-induced biofilm formation. The saliva-induced biofilm formation assay and qPCR data suggested that antigen I/II was upregulated with nicotine but biofilm was not able to be formed as much as wild-type NG8 without functional sortase A.

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Effect of smokeless tobacco use in humans on mucosal immune factors

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Physical and Chemical Aspects of Saliva as Indicators of Risk for Dental Caries in Humans

Physical and Chemical Aspects of Saliva as Indicators of Risk for Dental Caries in Humans

Does Variability in Salivary Protein Concentrations Influence Oral Microbial Ecology and Oral Health?

Role of sortase in Streptococcus mutans under the effect of nicotine

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