Effect of Sm addition on (Bi,Pb)-2212 superconductor

Comparison of superconducting properties of Ce added (Bi, Pb)-2212 with other rare earth additions

“…It is found that the c-lattice parameter decreases with increase in Ce concentration. This is consistent with the case of the other rare earths, and the reason for this reduction is the replacement of Ca and/or Sr by RE in Bi-2212 structure [17,[20][21][22][23].…”

“…By analyzing the patterns using X pert high score software, it has been found that these peaks are of The absence of any Ce containing phase up to Ce20 sample shows that the added Ce enters into the crystal structure which is consistent with the solubility limit of Ce in (Bi, Pb)-2212 (x = 0.3) as reported by Jordan et al [11]. But in the case of most of the other rare earths, the limit is beyond x > 0.5 [19][20][21][22][23]. From the XRD patterns, the c-axis lattice parameters are calculated using the d values and (h k l) parameters by assuming orthorhombic symmetry for (Bi, Pb)-2212.…”

“…As in the case of the other RE additions [19][20][21][22][23], the Ce added (Bi, Pb)-2212 superconductors were prepared by the conventional solid state synthesis with an initial stoichiometry of Bi 1.7 Pb 0.4 Sr 2.0 Ca 1.1 Cu 2.1 Ce x O y (where x = 0.0 (Ce0), 0.06 (Ce06), 0.08 (Ce08), 0.1 (Ce10), 0.12 (Ce12), 0.14 (Ce14), 0.2 (Ce20), 0.3 (Ce30) and 0.5 (Ce50)) using high purity carbonates and oxides (Aldrich, >99.9%). Stoichiometric quantities of the ingredients were weighed using an electronic balance (Mettler AE 240), thoroughly mixed and ground using an agate mortar and pestle.…”

“…The major phases detected are (Bi, Pb)-2212, Bi-2201 and Ca 2 PbO 4 . Like the other rare earths [19][20][21][22][23] Ce addition also favours the formation of (Bi, Pb)-2212. This is clearly evident from the decrease in peak height of Bi-2201 and corresponding increase in the peak height of (Bi, Pb)-2212 with increase in Ce concentration.…”

“…No effort has been made so far to study the effect of Ce addition in (Bi, Pb)-2212 superconductor on phase formation, changes in microstructure, T C , self field J C , etc. This work is the continuation of a systematic study of RE addition on the structural and superconducting properties of (Bi, Pb)-2212 [19][20][21][22][23]. These studies show that addition of rare earths such as La, Pr, Gd, Sm and Yb enhances the superconducting properties such as T C and J C up to an optimum concentration in the ranges of 0.2-0.3.…”