Effect of slip on movement of body center of mass relative to base of support

You, Jia Yuan; Chou, You-Li; Lin, Chii Jeng; Su, Fong Chin

doi:10.1016/s0268-0033(00)00076-0

Cited by 100 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A greater COM-COP distance during late stance increases the required coefficient of friction and therefore increases the risk of a slip 26 . A more posteriorly aligned COM at this phase of the gait cycle has been linked with falling rather than recovery of a slip perturbation 27 . Therefore, the positioning of the COM in the slip group at this phase of the gait cycle may place these individuals at greater risk of falling in response to a slip than either the non-faller or trip group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older adults who have previously fallen due to a trip walk differently than those who have fallen due to a slip

et al. 2015

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Studying the relationships between centre of mass (COM) and centre of pressure (COP) during walking has been shown to be useful in determining movement stability. The aim of the current study was to compare COM-COP separation measures during walking between groups of older adults with no history of falling, and a history of falling due to tripping or slipping. Any differences between individuals who have fallen due to a slip and those who have fallen due to a trip in measures of dynamic balance could potentially indicate differences in the mechanisms responsible for falls. Forty older adults were allocated into groups based on their self-reported fall history during walking. The non-faller group had not experienced a fall in at least the previous year. Participants who had experienced a fall were split into two groups based on whether a trip or slip resulted in the fall(s). A Vicon system was used to collect full body kinematic trajectories. Two force platforms were used to measure ground reaction forces. The COM was significantly further ahead of the COP at heel strike for the trip (14.3±2.7cm) and slip (15.3±1.1cm) groups compared to the nonfallers (12.0±2.7cm). COM was significantly further behind the COP at foot flat for the slip group (-14.9±3.6cm) compared to the non-faller group (-10.3±3.9cm). At mid-swing, the COM of the trip group was ahead of the COP (0.9±1.6cm), whereas for the slip group the COM was behind the COP (-1.2±2.2cm). These results show identifiable differences in dynamic balance control of walking between older adults with a history of tripping or slipping and non-fallers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older adults who have previously fallen due to a trip walk differently than those who have fallen due to a slip

et al. 2015

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“…In addition, at recovery, the anteriorly-directed velocity of the slipping foot was referenced to the anteriorlydirected velocity of the overall body center of mass [11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifiable performance domain risk-factors associated with slip-related falls

et al. 2008

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“…The relationship between walking speed, step length and friction demand has been investigated by Lindberg and Stalhandske (1981). Recently, You et al (2001) confirmed that the displacement and velocity of the COM with respect to the BOS can be used to discriminate slip/non-slip incidents of the heel in barefoot walking over a slippery soap patch. During the critical double-support period from heel strike to contra-lateral toe-off, a smaller displacement and a faster velocity of the COM were important for regaining balance.…”

Section: Walking Speed and Step Lengthmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Pai and Patton (1997) and Pai and Iqbal (1999) used an inverted pendulum model with a foot segment to simulate centre of mass velocity-position constraints and movement termination for balance recovery. In fact, recent studies suggest that in addition to foot displacement during slipping (Brady et al 2000), the movement of the body's centre of mass over the base of support plays a significant role in slip recovery and fall termination (Pai and Patton 1997, Pai and Iqbal 1999, You et al 2001.…”

Section: Differentiation Between Slipping and Fallingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The output estimates have comprised, among others, perceived sense of slip and slip distance evaluations, slipperiness ratings, heel velocity measurements, heel and trunk acceleration and postural instability measurements, and falling frequency estimations , Leamon and Son 1989, Myung et al 1993, Cohen and Cohen 1994a, b, Hirvonen et al 1994, Chiou et al 2000. Other approaches have focused on kinematics (spatial movement of the body) and kinetics (ground reaction forces, utilized and required friction) of slipping and falling (Strandberg and Lanshammar 1981, Morach 1993, Redfern and Rhoades 1996, Hanson et al 1999, Brady et al 2000, You et al 2001 or electromyographic (EMG) activity of compensatory muscle responses during simulated slipping (Tang et al 1998). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

Grönqvist¹,

Abeysekera²,

Gard³

et al. 2001

Ergonomics

106

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A number of human-centred methodologies-subjective, objective, and combined-are used for slipperiness measurement. They comprise a variety of approaches from biomechanically-oriented experiments to psychophysical tests and subjective evaluations. The objective of this paper is to review some of the research done in the field, including such topics as awareness and perception of slipperiness, postural and balance control, rating scales for balance, adaptation to slippery conditions, measurement of unexpected movements, kinematics of slipping, and protective movements during falling. The role of human factors in slips and falls will be discussed. Strengths and weaknesses of human-centred approaches in relation to mechanical slip test methodologies are considered. Current friction-based criteria and thresholds for walking without slipping are reviewed for a number of work tasks. These include activities such as walking on a level or an inclined surface, running, stopping and jumping, as well as stair ascent and descent, manual exertion (pushing and pulling, load carrying, lifting) and particular concerns of the elderly and mobility disabled persons. Some future directions for slipperiness measurement and research in the field of slips and falls are outlined. Human-centred approaches for slipperiness measurement do have many applications. First, they are utilized to develop research hypotheses and models to predict workplace risks caused by slipping. Second, they are important alternatives to apparatus-based friction measurements and are used to validate such methodologies. Third, they are used as practical tools for evaluating and monitoring slip resistance properties of foot wear, anti-skid devices and floor surfaces.

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Effect of slip on movement of body center of mass relative to base of support

Cited by 100 publications

References 12 publications

Older adults who have previously fallen due to a trip walk differently than those who have fallen due to a slip

Older adults who have previously fallen due to a trip walk differently than those who have fallen due to a slip

Modifiable performance domain risk-factors associated with slip-related falls

Human-centred approaches in slipperiness measurement

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