Effect of Slag Regime on Alkaline Compound Behavior in a Blast Furnace

The Quantitative Effect of Blast Furnace Slag Composition and Temperature on the Kinetics of Potassium Evaporation

“…[2]), and increasing MgO contents at constant B2 basicity. [35] These results are in line with laboratory-scale experiments [38] and industrial data [4,[7][8][9]21,22,[45][46][47] presented in other publications. In addition to the aforementioned parameters, Xing et al [38] found that increasing Al 2 O 3 contents favored potassium retention in the BF slag while increasing BaO contents had a negative effect.…”

“…However, significantly higher alkali loads have been reported in commercial operation, e.g., publications with figures varying between 6.5 and 14 kg alkalis/tHM exist. [1,2,[6][7][8][9] In addition, Lu [10] reported on declining qualities regarding the chemical composition of fine iron ore products and stated that the trend for continued downshift in iron ore quality is expected ANTON for the future. Similar observations have been reported, but specifically for the alkali content, in other publications as well.…”

“…These strategies include (i) lowering the input of alkalis, [1,2,4,8,12,[20][21][22] (ii) maximizing the quality of sinter and coke, [20] (iii) charging coarse dunite as an alkali removal agent, [28] (iv) increasing the slag rate, [17,21] and (v) altering the slag composition. [4,[7][8][9]17,[19][20][21][22]29] In addition, less realistic suggestions for modern BF ironmaking have been proposed and operated, such as charging CaCl 2 as an alkali cleaner [20][21][22] and reducing in-plant recycling via the sinter. [20] The effect of lowering the input of alkalis into the BF is significant, e.g., the thermodynamic model developed by Chen et al [12] suggested that increasing the potassium or sodium load by 1 kg/tHM results in an increased circulating load by 27.7 and 15.5 kg/tHM, respectively.…”

“…Results from material balances presented in the literature reveal that the slag phase may account for 92 to 98.5 pct of the total alkali removal from the BF. [2,7,17,19] However, cases of 20-78 pct removal via the slag exist. [1,[20][21][22] Considering these variations in the efficiency of utilizing the slag phase as the outlet of alkalis, the effect of altering the slag composition on the alkali capacity of the slag is of great interest to understand.…”

“…The data presented in Table IV were modeled by multiple linear regression, Eq. [7], using the statistical software MODDE Pro, developed by Umetrics.…”