Effect of Slag Properties on Mixing Phenomena in Gas-stirred Ladles by Physical Modeling

Amaro-Villeda, Adrián M.; Ramírez-Argáez, Marco A.; Conejo, Alberto N.

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.54.1

Cited by 59 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Recently, Chen et al 21) studied the effect of salt tracer amount on the mixing time, which proposes that the tracer selection should be considered combined with the criterion of the definition of mixing. In addition, Conejo et al 22,23) reported the effects of slag properties (thickness and viscosity) and nozzle diameter on mixing phenomena in gas-stirred ladles by physical modeling, a negative effect of both slag thickness and slag viscosity on mixing time was found, and an increase in nozzle diameter decreases mixing time, but the effect is not significant. However, relatively little work has been reported on the effect of slag eye formation on the mixing time in ladle metallurgy.…”

Section: Modeling Of Gas-steel-slag Three-phase Flow In Ladle Metallumentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Gas-Steel-Slag Three-Phase Flow in Ladle Metallurgy: Part I. Physical Modeling

Liu

2017

ISIJ International

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Section: Modeling Of Gas-steel-slag Three-phase Flow In Ladle Metallumentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Gas-Steel-Slag Three-Phase Flow in Ladle Metallurgy: Part I. Physical Modeling

Liu

2017

ISIJ International

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“…In 2011, Y. S. Chen et al 9) studied the effect of the number and positions of plugs on mixing time, suggesting that the shortest mixing time could be obtained when the plug at 0.7R from the center of ladle bottom with only one plug, whereas at 0.5-0.7R with 60-90 degree when two plugs. In a recent study, Amaro-Villeda et al 14) found the shortest mixing time was at the position 0.5R with only one plug, compared with all other cases including two plugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, for high-capacity ladles used in many steel factories of China, two porous plugs are usually utilized, and their positions and relative angle have effect on the homogenization of molten steel. 1,6) For the function of argon gas in ladle refining, many studies were performed in the earlier years through water model 1,2,4,6) and mathematical simulation 5,[7][8][9] from different aspects such as (a) gas injection and transport, [10][11][12][13] (b) the effect of top slag layer, [14][15][16][17][18][19] (c) stirring and mixing. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] In 1975, Nakanishi et al 10) investigated the correlation between gas mixing efficiency and mass transfer in a model ladle and explained this correlation with turbulence theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Gas Blown Modes on Mixing Phenomena in a Bottom Stirring Ladle with Dual Plugs

Tang

Guo

et al. 2016

ISIJ International

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Gas stirring plays a significant role in steelmaking process. The stirring effect is often assessed by the mixing time. In the past, the effects of many factors such as the number and position and relative angle of porous plugs in a ladle, as well as gas flowrate on the mixing time have been studied and some beneficial results used in industrial practice. However, for a ladle with dual plugs, the researches on gas flowrate basically focused on the blowing mode with the same gas flowrates for every plug (Mode-S), while the mode with different flowrates (Mode-D) has not yet been reported. In the present work, a water model for a 120 t ladle is carried out to mainly compare the effect of the two gas blowing modes on mixing. Two porous plugs are located at 0.55-0.70R (R is the radius of ladle bottom), with different relative angles (45-180°) and total flowrates (6.92-18.45 NL/min). The results show that Mode-D can significantly change the mixing time. Compared with Mode-S, the mixing time is respectively decreased by 50 seconds at 6.92 NL/min and 30 seconds at 18.45 NL/min when the plug positions are located at 0.64R. The results of mathematical simulation explain the phenomena. In the Mode-D, the strong gas plume forms a larger circulation flow to stir the ladle and the weak plume forms a smaller one. Under this case, the interference and collision from two plumes are weakened and the dissipation of stirring energy is decreased, thus the mixing time is shortened.

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“…Amaro-Villeda [69] applied Mazumdar's model to study the mixing time in a model of steel ladles with different bottom nozzle configurations. Under the system of multiple injection ladles, the mixing phenomena was getting complicated.…”

Section: Mixing Time and Stirring Energy Investigation In Multiphase mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies correlated measured mixing time against experimental variables such as bath level, container dimension, flowrate, and nozzle configuration, and proposed empirical or semi-empirical equations to predict mixing. However, only a few studies took the overlying slag layer into consideration [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] .…”

Section: Mixing Time and Stirring Energy Investigation In Multiphase mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid dynamics studies related to bottom blown copper smelting furnace

Shui¹

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The bottom blown copper smelting furnace is a novel technology developed by Dongying Fangyuan Nonferrous Metals Co. Ltd. China. Since it started in 2008, many advantages have been reported from industrial practice, such as high volume specific smelting capacity, low copper loss, autogenous smelting, adaptive to feeds, low temperature operation and so on. Most of those features are relevant to the fluid dynamics of the molten bath in the furnace. However, the detailed behaviour of molten bath in the bottom blown reactor still is not comprehensively understood.To understand the behaviour of molten bath in this newly established furnace, a 1/12 lab scale cold model was constructed according to the principles of similarity. In this physical model, water was used to simulate the liquid matte, compressed air was used to simulate oxygen enriched air blowing and its flowrate was adjusted accordingly. Silicone oils with different viscosities were used to simulate the molten slag layer of various viscosities. In the present study, several features of the bottom blown bath behaviour were investigated by using this physical model. In addition to single phase mixing behaviour study, multiphase bath mixing behaviour was also studied to further investigate the mass transfer in the presence of top layer. Single lance blowing was used and experimental variables including water height, gas flowrate, oil layer height and oil 2 viscosity were adjusted to investigate the impact of each on mixing. It was found that the mixing time decreases with water height and gas flowrate in a greater rate than that of single phase system, while it is increasing with oil layer height and oil viscosity, where the rate with oil layer height is much greater. An overall empirical relationship with these variables was developed as following, and it showed a good prediction of mixing time under different conditions.The correlation was then generalised to a model-independent format for wider use:Three different types of surface waves were studied in the single phase bath with single lance blowing. The 1 st asymmetric standing wave was found the most significant type among the three because it leads the entire bath to swing laterally. The 1 st asymmetric standing wave was found to take place only at certain combination of bath height and gas flowrate, which is summarised in two sub-boundaries in terms of bath depth, gas flowrate and blowing lance angle.Sub-boundary 1 = 0.036. .Sub-boundary 2 = 0.63. .The measured amplitudes at several conditions show that tapping end amplitude increases with flowrate and bath height, and when the 1 st symmetric standing wave is taking place, the amplitude is remarkably increased. The frequency of the 1 st asymmetric standing wave does not change with flowrate or blowing angle, but slightly increases with bath height.The longitudinal wave exists on bath surface when the combination of bath height and gas flowrate is out of the critical occurrence boundary. To study the behaviour of the longitudinal wave, the model ...

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Effect of Slag Properties on Mixing Phenomena in Gas-stirred Ladles by Physical Modeling

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Modeling of Gas-Steel-Slag Three-Phase Flow in Ladle Metallurgy: Part I. Physical Modeling

Modeling of Gas-Steel-Slag Three-Phase Flow in Ladle Metallurgy: Part I. Physical Modeling

Effect of Gas Blown Modes on Mixing Phenomena in a Bottom Stirring Ladle with Dual Plugs

Fluid dynamics studies related to bottom blown copper smelting furnace

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