Effect of Size, Shape, and Composition on the Interaction of Different Nanomaterials with HeLa Cells

Abstract

The application of nanomaterials in the fields of medicine and biotechnology is of enormous interest, particularly in the areas where traditional solutions have failed. Unfortunately, there is very little information on how to optimize the preparation of nanomaterials for their use in cell culture and on the effects that these can trigger on standard cellular systems. These data are pivotal in nanobiotechnology for the development of different applications and to evaluate/compare the cytotoxicity among the different nanomaterials or studies. The lack of information drives many laboratories to waste resources performing redundant comparative tests that often lead to partial answers due to differences in (i) the nature of the start-up material, (ii) the preparation, (iii) functionalization, (iv) resuspension, (v) the stability/dose of the nanomaterial, etc. These variations in addition to the different analytical systems contribute to the artefactual interpretation of the effects of nanomaterials and to inconsistent conclusions between different laboratories. Here, we present a brief review of a wide range of nanomaterials (nanotubes, various nanoparticles, graphene oxide, and liposomes) with HeLa cells as a reference cellular system. These human cells, widely used as cellular models for many studies, represent a reference system for comparative studies between different nanomaterials or conditions and, in the last term, between different laboratories.

Aggregation Reduces Subcellular Localization and Cytotoxicity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

“…The interactions between macrophages and nanoparticles, especially biologically aggregated and protein-adsorbed nanoparticles, are important to investigate because macrophages are among the first cells to process nanoparticles in systemic circulation . HeLa cells were investigated due to their widespread usage for in vitro modeling of nanoparticle uptake and cytotoxicity. − Finally, A549 lung cancer cells were chosen due to an increasing interest in delivering drug-loaded nanoparticles directly into the lungs to treat disease, creating a relevance to investigate how lung cells interact with aggregated nanoparticles . Each cell type was dosed with 1 mg L –1 250k-SWCNT or 1k-SWCNT for 30 min, rinsed, and allowed to incubate for an additional 30 min or 6 h to promote cell uptake and localization of the DNA–SWCNTs in the early endosomes or late endosomes/lysosomes, respectively, after which broadband NIR fluorescence images were acquired from the live cells.…”

Smart nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment

“…As stated in the above sections, different types of nanoparticles are frequently being employed as nanomedicine and nanocarriers due to their small size and unique physicochemical properties [ 310 ]. Properties like morphology (shape), size [ 311 ], surface functional groups [ 312 ], and dose-dependent characteristics [ 313 ] may also contribute to nanomaterial-induced toxicity in healthy human cells, tissues, and organs [ 314 ].…”

Multimodal Imaging and Phototherapy of Cancer and Bacterial Infection by Graphene and Related Nanocomposites

“…Any system which can absorb NIR light and create a local heat to burn tumors and bacterial cells would be beneficial to nanomedicine [ 25 ]. Many nanomaterials with different size, shape, and biofunctionality have been demonstrated to target cancer and bacterial invasion [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The most successful photo and chemotherapeutic nanomaterials, such as Au, Ag, Fe, carbon, and polymeric nanomaterials, are well studied [ 29 ].…”