Effect of Size on Magnetic Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules Behavior: Biodistribution, Circulation Time, Interactions with Blood Cells and Immune System

Abstract

Drug carriers based on polyelectrolyte microcapsules remotely controlled with an external magnetic field are a promising drug delivery system. However, the influence of capsule parameters on microcapsules’ behavior in vivo is still ambiguous and requires additional study. Here, we discuss how the processes occurring in the blood flow influence the circulation time of magnetic polyelectrolyte microcapsules in mouse blood after injection into the blood circulatory system and their interaction with different blood components, such as WBCs and RBCs. The investigation of microcapsules ranging in diameter 1–5.5 μm allowed us to reveal the dynamics of their filtration by vital organs, cytotoxicity, and hemotoxicity, which is dependent on their size, alongside the efficiency of their interaction with the magnetic field. Our results show that small capsules have a long circulation time and do not affect blood cells. In contrast, the injection of large 5.5 μm microcapsules leads to fast filtration from the blood flow, induces the inhibition of macrophage cell line proliferation after 48 h, and causes an increase in hemolysis, depending on the carrier concentration. The obtained results reveal the possible directions of fine-tuning microcapsule parameters, maximizing capsule payload without the side effects for the blood flow or the blood cells.

The Influence of Magnetic Composite Capsule Structure and Size on Their Trapping Efficiency in the Flow

“…Also, magnetically sensitive objects have been considered a highly effective tool in solving such a challenging task as reducing side effects from drug applications drawing on the example of polyelectrolyte microcapsules. Over the past decades, a vast amount of studies have shown the high potential of polyelectrolyte magnetic microcapsules' application as containers for remotely controlled drug delivery [8,[10][11][12][13]. This concept is based on the idea of the systemic administration of magnetically sensitive drug-loaded micro-containers and their targeting of the affected area using an external magnetic field source [14].…”

Current Principles, Challenges, and New Metrics in pH-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems for Systemic Cancer Therapy

“…Various factors affect the behavior of carriers in the body. Multiple studies have shown that the nature, size, surface potential, and other characteristics of vehicles fundamentally affect their biodistribution, cell interaction, circulation time, and hydrodynamics in the blood flow [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Often, carriers’ features providing the effective administration procedure, such as prolonged circulation in the blood flow and low immunogenicity, impede the other desirable features of the DDS, such as a high internalization efficiency by cancer cells and drug release.…”

Magnetic UiO-66-NH2 Core–Shell Nanohybrid as a Promising Carrier for Quercetin Targeted Delivery toward Human Breast Cancer Cells

“…In these regards, incorporating magnetic nanoparticles into MOFs with the potential for use in magnetic-based diagnostic approaches and as an effective technique for carrying drugs directly to a specific site through external magnetic fields has attracted much attention. − This desired targeting behavior limits drug spreading in the general circulation and reduces side effects. Moreover, superparamagnetic nanoparticles can reduce the spin–spin T 2 *-relaxation time during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enhancing contrast in T 2 -weighted images using magnetic nanoparticles. , Furthermore, magnetic fields as external stimuli can also induce the release of drugs from magnetic nanocarriers. , Numerous reports are available on magnetic drug delivery systems; however, most of them suffer from several limitations such as low stability, swelling, and insignificant controllability. − Therefore, the design and construction of materials with a magnetic core as a drug delivery system that can overcome the disadvantages mentioned above would be valuable. A MOF-based magnetic nanocomposite was prepared by the incorporation of Fe 3 O 4 nanorods in Cu 3 (BTC) 2 nanocrystals (BTC; benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate).…”