Effect of SiO2 nanoparticle addition on the characteristics of a new organic–inorganic hybrid membrane

Influence of membrane structure on the operating current densities of non-aqueous redox flow batteries: Organic–inorganic composite membranes based on a semi-interpenetrating polymer network

“…Despite this value, this membrane represents high cation selectivity, with a cation transport number of 0.76 in non-aqueous solution (i.e., acetonitrile). PVdF has a high dielectric constant (ε ¼ 8.4) and a strong electronwithdrawing functional group (eCeFe) [22]. Thus, it can serve as the sole cation exchange membrane in non-aqueous solution given the negative electrostatic charge formed on the membrane surface.…”

“…To control the chemical and physical structures of the membrane, we fabricated a membrane structure characterized by a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) by incorporating different monomers into the membrane. We selected poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) as a supporting matrix; PVdF has been evaluated as a chemically and thermally stable material for inert membrane matrices [22]. The three types of monomers useddglycidyl methacrylate (GMA), 4-vinylpyridine (4VP), and Nvinylcarbazole (NVC)dconvert membrane structures into chemically (e.g., aliphatic or aromatic) and physically (e.g., dense or porous) different forms.…”

Thermal Properties and Conductivity of Nafion-Zirconia Composite Membrane

“…However, the temperature shifted for the composite membranes, due to the nature of the hygroscopic inorganic component; increasing water content in the composite membrane [16]. Thermal degradation of Nafion membrane occurs at 308 °C; whereas the degradation temperature shifted to 333 °C for both NZ01 and NZ03, and at 317 °C for NZ05.…”

What is the concentration threshold of nanoparticles within the membrane structure? A case study of Al2O3/PSf nanocomposite membrane

“…3, the casting solution viscosity enhances as the amount of nanoparticles increases, especially from 0.39 Wt.% (NCThM 1 membrane) and above. This can be attributed to the adsorption between hydroxyl groups of nanoparticles' surface (because of their specific surface and high surface energy), and polymer chains [19,32,37]. The NCThM 1 membrane is, in essence, the boundary of viscosity development in this diagram.…”

“…In addition, the presence of TiO 2 , ZnO, Al2O3, ZrO 2 , SiO 2 , Fe 3 O 4 , Ag and Fe, results in an increase in mechanical and thermal resistance of polymeric membranes [9][10][11][12][13]. ZnO [14], TiO 2 [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], and Ag [26][27][28][29] have anti-bacterial properties, ZrO 2 [30,31] and Fe [32][33][34] have catalytic and mechanical properties, SiO 2 possesses conductive features [34][35][36][37], and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticle donates magnetic properties to a polymeric membrane [38][39][40].…”