Effect of single-dose amoxicillin on rat incisor odontogenesis: a morphological study

Abstract

The effect of exposure to amoxicillin on tooth development remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of amoxicillin on rat incisor odontogenesis. Male Wistar rats weighing approximately 100 g were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 3.0 g/kg body weight amoxicillin. One week after injection, the rats were fixed, and the lower incisors were demineralized and prepared into paraffin sections for light microscopy (LM) and immunohistochemistry. Undemineralized samples were embedded in resin and ground for processing for contact microradiography (CMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Serum calcium, phosphate, and magnesium concentrations were measured. At 1 week after amoxicillin administration, LM, CMR, and SEM revealed a clear increase in the area of interglobular dentin, representing disruption of mineralization by odontoblasts. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated moderate levels of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein family dentin matrix protein 1 in large areas of interglobular dentin. On the other hand, no morphological alteration or hypomineralization was observed in the enamel. Serum calcium values showed no significant differences between the control and experimental rats during the experimental period although both serum phosphate and magnesium levels increased at day 1 after amoxicillin injection. The results suggest that a single dose of amoxicillin specifically affects normal tooth dentin mineralization, but not enamel mineralization in rat incisor odontogenesis. The present results further our understanding of the clinical association between dentin abnormality and amoxicillin exposure during tooth development.

Root malformation associated with a cervical mineralized diaphragm – a distinct form of tooth abnormality?

“…Amoxicillin seems to be the only antibiotic, of which potential adverse effects on tooth development have been reported. 17,18 The situation in the second patient is even more obscure. This girl ingested a corticosteroid with mother's milk during 2 months of breast-feeding immediately after birth.…”

Combined effect of amoxicillin and sodium fluoride on the structure of developing mouse enamel in vitro

“…12 Amoxicillin, in turn, has been found to affect amelogenesis in cultured mouse molars 6 and dentin mineralization in rat incisors in vivo. 13 The severity of the defects caused by amoxicillin 6 or fluoride 10 is dose dependent.…”

Surface Degradation of Resin-based Materials by Pediatric Syrup Containing Amoxicillin under Erosive Challenge

“…In clinical conditions, possibly other factors present protective hole against erosion, such as the presence of acquired pellicle [37].In the present study, with the limitations of an in vitro study, it was tried to simulates some clinical parameters, for example, the time of contact with amoxicillin was similar to the real condition in order to simulate the time of clearance of this antibiotic in the mouth. Even thought, in vitro models as present limitations, such as the impossibility to completely simulate the complex intraoral conditions; they cannot simulate solid surface area/solution ratios because the different oral surfaces are bathed in different volumes and source combinations of saliva; they cannot mimic topical use and clearance of substances from the oral cavity and, in many times, cannot simulate the tooth brushing as it happens in clinical environment [15]. This mentioned limitations must be highlighted when in vitro studies are performed, in these cases, the conduction of in situ studies are suggested to minimize the limitations of in vitro protocols.…”

“…The palatability of these medicines is increased with the addition of sugars such as sucrose, glucose or fructose to foster patients' acceptability and thus compliance [12,13]. Furthermore, the pH is formulated to optimize their efficacy, and, usually acidic preparations are often necessary for drug dispersion [5,14,15]. Thus, liquid oral medicines may act as extrinsic agents causing biodegradation of resin-based materials, especially if consumed frequently [5].…”