Effect of simulated sulfuric acid rain on yield, growth and foliar injury of several crops

Lee, Jeffrey J.; Neely, Grady E.; Perrigan, Shelton C.; Grothaus, Louis C.

doi:10.1016/0098-8472(81)90024-1

Cited by 124 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, in other field experiments with this species, acid rain treatments did not cause significant reductions in yield (Irving & Miller, 1981;Troiano et al, 1983 ;Heagle et al, 1983). Differences in response to simulated acid rain have also been recorded in experiments with other crop species (Lee et al, 1981;see Irving, 1983). The variation in plant response to simulated acid rain may be due to the interaction of rain treatments with a number of biological, chemical and climatic factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In a comparison of the susceptibility of numerous crops to simulated acid rain. Lee et al (1981) found that cabbage was a relatively resistant species; preliminary work in our laboratory, however, indicated a high degree of sensitivity in the seedling stage. A marked contrast was observed in the extent of injury following acid rain treatments to two leaf types -the cotyledons and the true leaves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Yield losses are neither clearly related to the extent of macroscopically visible foliar injury, which is often small (Evans, Gmur & Mancini, 1982;Lee et al, 1981), nor to interaction between the rain and soil, since in some experinients the soil was covered so that the rain fell only on the shoot Jacobson et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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THE CONTRASTING RESPONSE TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN OF LEAVES AND COTYLEDONS OF CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.)

Caporn

Hutchinson

1986

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYBrassica oleracea L. (cabbage) was grown in glasshouse and controlled environments and exposed to simulated rains delivered as sprays at pH 5-6-2-8. A single rain treatment of pH 30 given to lOd old plants elicited a marked downward curvature in the cotyledons, occurring within the duration of the 30-min spray. Subsequent to this initial response, the cotyledon surface was extensively damaged. In contrast, the older 'true' leaves showed little or no injury after similar treatments. Estimates of the contact angles between rain droplets and leaf surfaces, and SEM studies of adaxial surfaces, indicated that the contrasting morphology of the epicuticular wax on cotyledons and leaves was a major factor determining the extent of acid rain damage. Simulated rain treatments of pH 32 and 28, starting at the cotyledons stage, reduced plant growth by 17 and 15% respectively over a 20 d period. However, the same treatments given at later stages in development when the ' true' leaves were predoininant, had no significant effect on growth. In the natural environment the occurrence of rate, highly acidic rain events during different stages of plant development may be an important determinant of the impact of rainfall on vegetation. The young, seedling stage of species, such as B. oleracea, in which cotyledons show poor development of surface wax, may be particularly vulnerable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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THE CONTRASTING RESPONSE TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN OF LEAVES AND COTYLEDONS OF CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.)

Caporn

Hutchinson

1986

New Phytologist

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“…The two dwarf cultivars chosen for their bushy growth, 'Patio Pick' and 'Peppi', produce fruit in the greenhouse and have foliage that was injured by exposure to simulated rain at pH values of 30 or higher in preliminary tests. Previous research has also suggested that the foliage of cucumber plants may be sensitive to acidic rain (Lee et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of the crops that have been studied, for example soybeans and bush beans, are self-pollinated, with limited opportunity for interference with pollination and fertilization which occur before the flowers open. Species with monoecious flowers, such as cucumber, may be more susceptible to interference with reproductive processes, but they have been included in experiments with acidic rain (Lee et al, 1981) infrequently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE INFLUENCE OF SIMULATED ACIDIC RAIN ON VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE TISSUES OF CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.)

et al. 1987

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SUMMARYCucumis sativus L. plants were grown in the greenhouse and exposed 21 times to simulated acidic rain over a period of 6 weeks to compare the responses of vegetative and reproductive tissues. Chemical composition and temporal characteristics of rain were patterned according to rainfall in the growing season in the eastern US. Flowers were hand-pollinated to promote fruit set. Foliar symptoms were the most sensitive response of all the variables measured. Necrosis was visible after exposures to simulated acidic rain at pH 2-6, 30, and 3-4 but not at 3*8, 4-2, 46, 5"0, or 5*4. Despite these injury symptoms, there were no significant reductions in most measures of vegetative or reproductive tissues, even at pH 2-6. When durations of exposure were increased from 80 to 160 min, there was an increase in the severity of foliar injury, a significant reduction in dry mass of stems, numbers of female flowers produced and dry mass of flowers and immature fruit. However, there still were no significant reductions in numbers or weight of fruit, even though the plants were exposed to as much as a 20-fold greater deposition of acidity than ambient rainfall (average pH 4-0 to 4-3) in the north-eastern US. Evidently, cucumber plants have the capacity to recover and compensate for initial decreases in foliage and flower production, and the reproductive stage is not particularly susceptible to simulated acidic rain. These findings support previous results indicating that considerable increases in acidity of ambient rain would have to occur before the yield of crops would be measurably reduced.

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Periodic multivariate normal hidden markov models for the analysis of water quality time series

2010

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a SUMMARYThe modelling of multivariate riverine water quality time series poses some challenging problems including: weak dependency between observations; nonlinearity; non-Normality; seasonality and missing data. We demonstrate that periodic multivariate Normal hidden Markov models (MNHMMs) are appropriate tools to analyse riverine water quality time series. We introduce a fully Bayesian inference procedure for this class of models, where the number of hidden states of the Markov process is unknown and reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) methods are developed. We present a case study using long-term dissolved inorganic nitrogen time series measured in three Scottish rivers. Our results show the strength of the hidden Markov multistate approach for analysing long-term multivariate riverine water quality time series.

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Effect of simulated sulfuric acid rain on yield, growth and foliar injury of several crops

Cited by 124 publications

References 12 publications

THE CONTRASTING RESPONSE TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN OF LEAVES AND COTYLEDONS OF CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.)

THE CONTRASTING RESPONSE TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN OF LEAVES AND COTYLEDONS OF CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.)

THE INFLUENCE OF SIMULATED ACIDIC RAIN ON VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE TISSUES OF CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.)

Periodic multivariate normal hidden markov models for the analysis of water quality time series

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