Effect of simulated acid fog on needles of fir seedlings

Igawa, Manabu; Kameda, Hideki; Maruyama, Fumitaka; Okochi, Hiroshi; Otsuka, Ichiro

doi:10.1016/s0098-8472(97)00010-5

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…According to Izuta et al (1993), treatment with simulated acid rain of pH 2.0, containing sulfuric acid and nitric acid, for 30 weeks induces visible foliar injury, and treatment with simulated acid rain of pH 3.0 or above also induces a reduction in dry matter production. Igawa et al (1997) observed that the exposure of momi fir to simulated acid fog of pH 3 containing nitric acid, sodium chloride, and ammonium sulfate for 30 months induced needle loss and a reduction in seedling height. However, the mechanism of decline in the field is still not fully understood, because the effects of air pollutants in addition to those of various environmental factors also need to be taken into consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few experimental studies on the effects of the acid deposition on momi fir have been reported (Izuta et al 1993;Igawa et al 1997Igawa et al , 2002. According to Izuta et al (1993), treatment with simulated acid rain of pH 2.0, containing sulfuric acid and nitric acid, for 30 weeks induces visible foliar injury, and treatment with simulated acid rain of pH 3.0 or above also induces a reduction in dry matter production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of gas exchange rates inAbies firmaseedlings to various additional stresses under chronic acid fog stress

Yoshida

Shibasaki

Takami

et al. 2004

Journal of Forest Research

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In order to clarify the chronic influence of acid fog on the gas exchange rates of momi fir (Abies firma Sieb. et Zucc.) trees, we exposed them to simulated acid fog (pH 3) for 3 years. The composition of the acid fog was similar to that observed in a region where momi fir trees have been declining, and it contained organic acids. We then treated the firs with various additional stresses, such as drought, low temperature, fine root cutting, ozone exposure, soil acidification, nitrogen load, and rhizosphere aluminum stress. Under chronic exposure to acid fog, the momi fir seedlings exhibited a pattern of stomatal behavior whereby they excessively opened in summer and closed in winter. Furthermore, the stomata of these seedlings tended to open during drought stress, and their needles were visibly injured after ozone exposure. The net photosynthesis rates of the seedlings exposed to acid fog were regulated by their stomatal aperture, rather than directly by acid fog. These results suggest that acid fog exposure disturbs the control of stomatal function in the momi fir seedlings. In addition, we found that chronic acid fog exposure suppressed the decrease in net photosynthesis rate, due to its nitrogen load.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of gas exchange rates inAbies firmaseedlings to various additional stresses under chronic acid fog stress

Yoshida

Shibasaki

Takami

et al. 2004

Journal of Forest Research

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“…Conifers such as Abies firma and P/cea sitchensis have shown reduced growth and earlier needle-shed when treated with acid fog or acid mist for more than two years (Carreira et al, 1997;Igawa et al, 1997). Nevertheless, expression of such adverse effects may be delayed because of a soil's acid-buffering capacity (Wood and Bormann, 1977;Likens et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to acid rain may also confound the effects of other environmental stresses. For example, the initially rapid growth of plants under acid rain, acid fog, NO2, or SO2 was accompanied by increased sensitivities to frost and drought (Lee et al, 1990;Igawa et al, 1997;Mena-Petite et al, 1999;Caporn et al, 2000). Thus, the early size advantage for seedlings growing under acidic precipitation probably does not guarantee long-term success in the field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of maternal siblings ofPinus densiflora to simulated add rain

Kang

Lee

2001

J. Plant Biol.

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Because most research on acid rain does not consider the genetic composition of seeds and the inherent variations in seed mass and germination date, the potentially diverse patterns of plant response are neglected within a population. Therefore, we examined the effects of both family identity and simulated acid rain on Pinus densiflora seedlings over a 34-week period, beginning at germination. We were able to evaluate the importance of family and pH treatment independent of seed mass and germination date by considering the latter two variables as covariates. Seeds were collected from six randomly chosen trees that were assumed to represent different genotypes. After germination in a controlled environment, the seedlings were moved outdoors. Each was then subjected twice a week to 40 mL of simulated acid rain, at a pH of either 3.0 or 5.6. We examined variations in germination date, seedling height, needle numbers and lengths, and mot and shoot masses. The maternal family effect was significant for all characters over the entire test period. Strong effects of pH treatment were detected only at the later growth stages. Artificial rain with a pH of 3.0 enhanced growth rates, particularly aboveground, compared with seedlings treated with pH 5.6 rain. However, regardless of pH, certain groups of maternal siblings consistently performed better in almost all parameters. The exception was for mean germination date, which differed among families only at a pH of 3.0. Therefore, although we demonstrated that acid rain affected both the date of germination as well as seedling growth rates in P. densiflora, the responses differed among maternal families, and were also associated with seed mass and germination date.

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“…Around the same time as mCa measurement, both current and 1-year-old needles from four seedlings of two conifers per chamber were harvested and analyzed for total foliar Ca (tCa) and epicuticular wax. Total foliar Ca and epicuticular wax were extracted and analyzed according to the methods described by Igawa et al (1997) and Sase et al (1998), respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of simulated acid fog on membrane-bound calcium (mCa) in fir (Abies firma) and cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) mesophyll cells

Shigihara

Matsumura

Matsumoto

et al. 2009

Journal of Forest Research

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The decline of virgin fir (Abies firma) forest at Mt. Oyama has been reported. Related field observations suggest that high acidity fog is linked with its decline. However, cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) in the same area shows no symptoms of decline. For assessing effects of acid fog on membrane-bound calcium (mCa) of the leaf mesophyll cells, 9-year-old seedlings of fir (Abies firma) and 8-year-old seedlings of cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) were exposed twice a week to simulated acid fog (SAF at pH 3 with pH 5 as control) for 2 h per day in a chamber during May-December 2007 (except August). Current and 1-year-old needles were collected from seedlings and analyzed at 1-month intervals. For current-year needles of fir, mCa levels in cells exposed to SAF at pH 3 were significantly lower than in cells exposed to pH 5, especially during September 2007-March 2008. In contrast, it is noteworthy that mCa levels of cedar were maintained as virtually constant irrespective of SAF acidity, indicating that fir is more sensitive to acid fog than is cedar. Based on these results, mCa loss by acid fog might also be caused in the declining virgin fir forest at Mt. Oyama.

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Effect of simulated acid fog on needles of fir seedlings

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Response of gas exchange rates inAbies firmaseedlings to various additional stresses under chronic acid fog stress

Response of gas exchange rates inAbies firmaseedlings to various additional stresses under chronic acid fog stress

Responses of maternal siblings ofPinus densiflora to simulated add rain

Effect of simulated acid fog on membrane-bound calcium (mCa) in fir (Abies firma) and cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) mesophyll cells

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