Effect of silane integrated sol–gel derived <i>in situ</i> silica on the properties of nitrile rubber

Kapgate, Bharat P.; Das, Chayan; Basu, Debdipta; Das, Amit; Heinrich, Gert; Reuter, Uta

doi:10.1002/app.40531

Cited by 19 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…16,29 The third peak in the temperature range 550 C to 580 C, obtained at heating under air ow, is due to the decomposition of carbonaceous residue. 20 It is evident that the addition of silane has little effect on the T max of both NR and CR phases as well as on the thermal stability of the composite 6.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

Controlled growth of in situ silica in a NR/CR blend by a solution sol–gel method and the studies of its composite properties

et al. 2015

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Silica is grown in situ into a natural rubber (NR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blend (at 40/60 ratio), by a solution sol-gel method, where the silica content in rubber blend is increased in a controlled manner exceeding the limit found for the same blend ratio in the soaking sol-gel method. Reaction conditions have been optimized to get adequate conversion of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, a silica precursor) to silica. Rheological, thermal, mechanical and viscoelastic properties of all the composites are compared with those of the unfilled rubber blend at similar conditions. Thermal and mechanical properties of the composites are found to improve consistently as silica content in the composite increases owing to increased rubber-filler interaction as revealed in dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA). Further improvement in the properties is observed for a particular composite where a silane coupling agent ((g-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, g-APS) is used in the reactive sol-gel system during in situ generation of silica. This is attributed to the uniform distribution of silica in the rubber matrix and strong rubber-filler interaction, caused by bifunctionality of silane, as revealed by morphology and DMA studies respectively. The reinforcement effect of silica is evaluated by comparing the experimental results with theoretical values obtained from the Guth-Gold model and the modified Guth model. The present study supplements the in situ silica generation in NR/CR blend of 40/60 ratio, following the solution sol-gel method, to the earlier study involving the soaking sol-gel method where the maximum reinforcement was found for this composition.

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Section: Thermogravimetric Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

Controlled growth of in situ silica in a NR/CR blend by a solution sol–gel method and the studies of its composite properties

et al. 2015

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“…This technique can be used for other rubbers . Heinrich and colleagues also reported similar in situ silica filling for ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer rubber, NBR, solution SBR, NR/NBR blend and NR/chloroprene rubber blend systems. This technique can be expanded into industrial scale processes and to investigate the properties for replacing carbon black in products.…”

Section: Homogeneously Filled In Situ Silica In Natural Rubbermentioning

confidence: 71%

Role of in situ generated silica for rubber science and technology

Ohashi

Tohsan

Ikeda

2016

Polymer International

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Filled rubbers have a long history in rubber technology. Filler morphology in the rubber matrix significantly influences the performance of filled rubber products. Therefore, we have to achieve a certain morphology of filler in the rubbery matrix in order to enjoy good reinforcement. However, it has not been sufficiently known what kind of morphology is necessary for the reinforcement, because preparations of adequate models for the characterization of filler morphology have been difficult. The in situ silica filling of the rubber matrix can be modeled for the preparations. In this paper, the characteristic features of in situ silica generated in diene rubbers are reviewed, citing recent reports. Two important models are presented. One is a homogeneous silica filling in situ, producing soft rubber nanocomposites. The other is the formation of an in situ silica filler network, creating stiff rubber nanocomposites. The controlled in situ silica filling is useful to evaluate the reinforcement effect of filler in a rubber matrix.

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“…The amount of rubber in the swollen sample is obtained according to the following equation:

v_{r} = \frac{\frac{(w_{2} - w_{f})}{ρ_{n}}}{\frac{(w_{2} - w_{f})}{ρ_{n}} + \frac{(w_{1} - w_{2})}{ρ_{1}}}

where w 1 is the weight of swollen sample measured in air, w f is the weight of non‐extractable filler, ρ 1 is toluene density which is equal to (0.8669 g cm −3 ), and ρ n is the elastomer network density. The average molecular weight between two crosslinks is determined by Flory – Rehner equation as follows:

- [\ln (1 - v_{r}) + v_{r} + χ v_{r}^{2}] = V_{0} \times \frac{ρ_{n}}{M_{c, s w}} \times true[v^{1 / 3} - \frac{v_{r}}{2} true]

where ρ n is the polymer density, M c , sw is average molecular weight between two crosslinks, V 0 is molar volume of toluene (106.2 cm 3 mole −1 ), the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter for NBR in toluene (χ), is estimated to be 0.472 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have been done on the role of filler to improve the properties of nanocomposites. The studies were carried out comprehensively, with respect to the size, concentration, specific surface area, structure of filler, the concentration of filler surface modifying agent, micro and nano types of filler, and the formation of filler network or aggregation of the filler particles in the composite . The interaction between filler and rubber matrix has been estimated for several types of fillers at different concentrations …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on matrix network characteristics in NBR/silica nanocomposites: Resolving matrix bulk density and network molecular weight and their alterations due to filler‐curing agent interactions

Khabiri

Jafari

Pourhossaini

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Presence of filler in an elastomeric composite can affect curing characteristics due to possible interaction with curing agents. Alteration of the curing characteristics can change intrinsic properties of elastomer including its bulk density and swelling behavior. In this study, a series of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) with various curing levels was prepared. From the experimental data the bulk density and network molecular weight (M c,sw ) were specified and a relationship was established between these parameters. In order to determine the swelling characteristics of NBR in presence of filler, another series of NBR/silica nanocomposites was prepared with various nanosilica loadings under a constant content of curing agents and curing conditions. With the use of the swelling data and applying the obtained relationship, the M c,sw and bulk density of the filled NBR matrix were resolved. The M c,sw values obtained by considering the influence of nanosilica on curing characteristics of NBR were compared with those obtained simply based on bulk density of raw rubber. This comparison confirmed that there are considerable differences between these values. With increasing nanosilica contents, and hence, increasing the negative impact of the filler on reducing curing degree of NBR, the bulk density of filled NBR matrix was decreased.

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Effect of silane integrated sol–gel derived in situ silica on the properties of nitrile rubber

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Controlled growth of in situ silica in a NR/CR blend by a solution sol–gel method and the studies of its composite properties

Controlled growth of in situ silica in a NR/CR blend by a solution sol–gel method and the studies of its composite properties

Role of in situ generated silica for rubber science and technology

Investigations on matrix network characteristics in NBR/silica nanocomposites: Resolving matrix bulk density and network molecular weight and their alterations due to filler‐curing agent interactions

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