Effect of side of lesion on neuropsychological performance in childhood stroke

Max, Jeffrey E.

doi:10.1017/s1355617704105092

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In children who suffer from perinatal stroke, the remarkable plasticity of the developing brain in both cognitive and motor functioning has been well documented. [10][11][12] The overall cognitive and motor outcomes are better in this group of patients compared to those with similar insults occurring later in life 11,13 as documented by studies investigating the impact of early brain lesions on cognitive functioning 14,15 . These findings support the notion that early rather than late brain injury leads to a more complete functional recovery associated with more pronounced cortical plasticity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Cortical reorganization of language functioning following perinatal left MCA stroke

et al. 2008

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Objective-Functional MRI was used to determine differences in patterns of cortical activation between children who suffered perinatal left middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke and healthy children performing a silent verb generation task.Methods-Ten children with prior perinatal left MCA stroke (age 6-16 years) and ten healthy age matched controls completed an executive language activation task. FMRI scans were acquired on a 3T scanner using T2* weighted gradient echo, echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence. Random Effects Analysis and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) were used to compute activation maps.Results-Both analysis methods demonstrated alternative activation of cortical areas in children with perinatal stroke. Following perinatal stroke, typical left dominant productive language areas in the inferior frontal gyrus were displaced to anatomical identical areas in the right hemisphere (p=0.001). In addition, stroke patients showed more bilateral activation in superior temporal and anterior cingulate gyri and increased activation in primary visual cortex when compared to healthy controls. There was no relation between lesion size and the degree of right hemisphere activation. ICA analysis showed that the healthy controls had a negative correlation with the time course in the right inferior frontal gyrus in the same region that was activated in stroke subjects.Interpretation-This functional MRI study in children revealed novel patterns of cortical language reorganization following perinatal stroke. The addition of ICA is complementary to Random Effects analysis, allowing for the exploration of potential subtle differences in pathways in functional MRI data obtained from both healthy and pathological groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Cortical reorganization of language functioning following perinatal left MCA stroke

et al. 2008

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“…Of those, four studies identified significantly impaired performance on visual-motor integration [41], visual construction [8] and perceptual motor skills [31,33]. Two studies identified nonsignificant trends towards lower scores on subtests measuring visuoconstructive skills [24,57] and nondominant hand dexterity [24].…”

Section: Visuospatial and Visuomotor Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies from Max's research group investigated attention using different methodologies (experimental, behaviour questionnaires, clinical assessments) [41,42,43,44,45,46]. Difficulties reflective of inattention and impaired alerting/ sensory-orienting attention were reported in addition to significantly longer reaction times [43,44].…”

Section: Language the Clinical Evaluation Of Language Fundamentals (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological outcome following childhood stroke – a review

et al. 2017

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Objectives. Childhood stroke is a rare but devastating occurrence. Its infrequency has meant that a clear body of knowledge has not been fully established regarding its impact on neuropsychological outcome. Our aims were i) to critically review the recent literature on neuropsychological outcome following childhood stroke; ii) to investigate the factors related to neuropsychological outcome following childhood stroke.Methods. Literature searches were conducted and revealed 39 relevant papers from the period 1999-2015.Results. The review found that a significant number of children experience difficulties in a wide range of neuropsychological domains, with particular vulnerabilities noted in attention, speed of information processing and executive functioning. There were inconsistent findings regarding the correlates of neuropsychological outcome, which is likely due to methodological limitations of the studies.Conclusions. This review strongly indicates that childhood stroke can affect a myriad of neuropsychological domains, with attention, speed of processing and executive function particularly vulnerable. Methodological issues, particularly around heterogeneous samples and measurement difficulties, limit the conclusions that can be drawn regarding the predictors of outcome.

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“…In some cases, treating the underlying disorder will successfully improve the OCD symptoms. For example, in one case a cranioplasty was instrumental in the resolution of symptoms in a patient following TBI, and in another case, chemotherapy successfully treated OCD caused by a dysgerminoma ( 176 ). Several cases report on the benefi ts that specifi c patients have derived from SSRIs including fl uoxetine ( 145 , 177 ).…”

Section: Structural Brain Etiologies Of Obsessive Compulsive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Murphy¹,

Stewart²,

Obregon³

2016

The Medical Basis of Psychiatry

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OCD is the fourth most common neuropsychiatric disorder with lifetime prevalence estimates of 0.4-3.5%. Family and twin studies suggest a strong genetic component, and molecular genetic studies are being carried out to identify genes contributing risk to OCD. It is postulated as a frontal-striatal disorder and functional neuroimaging studies provide a strong support for the dysfunction of cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical neurocircuit. OCD can be secondary to a variety of medical conditions that range from deteriorative neurological illness, to head injury, and to autoimmune disorders. Few reports and no controlled studies exist in the treatment of acquired/secondary OCD. Both CBT and pharmacotherapy are effective fi rst-line treatment modalities for OCD. Brain stimulation and/or psychosurgery have been tried with varying success in treatment of refractory OCD. Environmental, genetic, and clinical factors interact in a complex fashion in the individual patient. This chapter will examine OCD from the medical perspective.Keywords Obsessive compulsive disorder · Cortical-striatal-thalamo-cortical circuit · Genetics · Neuroimaging · Autoimmune · Treatment IntroductionAs defi ned in DSM-5, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by obsessions (recurrent, unwanted, and distressing thoughts, images, or impulses) and/or compulsions (complex, repetitive, rule-governed behaviors that the patient feels driven to perform). Patients usually try to actively dismiss obsessions or neutralize them by seeking reassurance, avoiding situational triggers, or engaging in compulsions. Obsessions and compulsions are maladaptive, and lead to impaired functioning. They typically center on four themes: contamination, sexual/aggressive/checking, and ordering and symmetry. Common compulsions include excessive cleaning, checking behaviors, ordering and arranging rituals, counting, and repeating routine activities. Compulsions usually involve observable behaviors (e.g., hand-washing) but may also consist of covert mental rituals (e.g., counting, or ritualized performance of mental math). Symptom themes can vary over the course of the illness but those without a personal or family history of tics are more likely to have more frequent contamination themes. In the DSM-5, hoarding has been categorized as a distinct disorder, and is no longer considered a specifi c form of OCD. The addition of a separate diagnosis is supported by extensive research suggesting that, although the two disorders can co-occur, patients with symptoms of hoarding have a number of signifi cant phenomenological differences than those with OCD, including distinct cognitive processes, reinforcement patterns, and response to treatments commonly used to address symptoms of OCD ( 1 ).The proposed lifetime prevalence of OCD in the pediatric and adult population ranges from 0.4 to 3.5% in national and international epidemiological samples ( 2 -7 ). Approximately half of all OCD patients fi rst present in childhood, before age 15 ( 8 ) with biphasic symptom p...

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Effect of side of lesion on neuropsychological performance in childhood stroke

Cited by 47 publications

References 38 publications

Cortical reorganization of language functioning following perinatal left MCA stroke

Cortical reorganization of language functioning following perinatal left MCA stroke

Neuropsychological outcome following childhood stroke – a review

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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