Effect of shortened sleep on energy expenditure, core body temperature, and appetite: a human randomised crossover trial

Abstract

The effects of sleep restriction on energy metabolism and appetite remain controversial. We examined the effects of shortened sleep duration on energy metabolism, core body temperature (CBT), and appetite profiles. Nine healthy men were evaluated in a randomised crossover study under two conditions: a 3.5-h sleep duration and a 7-h sleep duration for three consecutive nights followed by one 7-h recovery sleep night. The subjects’ energy expenditure (EE), substrate utilisation, and CBT were continually measured for 48 h using a whole-room calorimeter. The subjects completed an appetite questionnaire every hour while in the calorimeter. Sleep restriction did not affect total EE or substrate utilisation. The 48-h mean CBT decreased significantly during the 3.5-h sleep condition compared with the 7-h sleep condition (7-h sleep, 36.75 ± 0.11 °C; 3.5-h sleep, 36.68 ± 0.14 °C; p = 0.016). After three consecutive nights of sleep restriction, fasting peptide YY levels and fullness were significantly decreased (p = 0.011), whereas hunger and prospective food consumption were significantly increased, compared to those under the 7-h sleep condition. Shortened sleep increased appetite by decreasing gastric hormone levels, but did not affect EE, suggesting that greater caloric intake during a shortened sleep cycle increases the risk of weight gain.

Influence of sleep restriction on weight loss outcomes associated with caloric restriction

“…Many observational studies support an association between insufficient sleep and greater body weight and body fat [4]. Altered neuroendocrine factors [5][6][7], energy expenditure [8][9][10][11][12], and energy intake [13][14][15][16] have also been reported with restricted sleep. Therefore, sleep restriction (SR) may affect neuroendocrine responses and energy expenditure during CR and reduce the effects of CR on body weight and fat.…”

Effects of Overnight Sleep Deprivation on Appetite and Physical Performance in Elite Female Soccer Players

“…Need to sleep among young adults (25-18 yr) and adults (26-64 yr) is suggested 7-9 hours (2-4), this time for athletes is 9-10 hours (2) and more important than other people (5). Because the quality and quantity of sleep will be very effective on physical performance (6,7) and appetite (8,9). While many reports have reported poor sleep quality among athletes (3,5), this is a very worrying factor.…”

“…While sleep and appetite are in relationship, there is still a controversial between sleep and appetite relationship (14). However, Hibi et al (9) in 2017 conducted a study to investigate the effects of low sleep on energy consumption, central body temperature and appetite, and observed that reducing sleep without affecting energy would increase appetite, which is indicative of calorie intake most of the time during a short sleep cycle, it increases the risk of overweight. In another study by Spiegel et al in 2004, SD was associated with lower levels of leptin, increased levels of ghrelin, and increased hunger and appetite (14).…”

Efecto del horario de alimentación en el ritmo circadiano, obesidad y alteraciones metabólicas relacionadas: revisión sistemática

“…Entre otras consecuencias, se ha encontrado que la alteración en los ciclos de sueño afecta negativamente la salud metabólica (162) y sobre los factores hormonales de regulación en glucosa e insulina (163) e incluso la temperatura corporal (164) , lo que provoca cambios fisiológicos y comportamentales que promueven un balance energético positivo, entre ellos, la disminución de la sensibilidad a la insulina y tolerancia a la glucosa (165) , e incluso altera la regulación del transcriptoma, a través de la modificación del tiempo de translación y transcripción, por lo que también afectaría los procesos moleculares circadianos (166) . Sin embargo, a diferencia de los múltiples estudios epidemiológicos sólo un estudio en ratones, se observó que la restricción del sueño resultaba en una disminución del peso corporal (167) .…”