Effect of Short Term Water Exposure on the Mechanical Properties of Halloysite Nanotubes-Multi Layer Graphene Reinforced Polyester Nanocomposites

Saharudin, Mohd Shahneel; Atif, Rasheed

doi:10.20944/preprints201701.0024.v1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Agglomerates create stress concentration and reduced flexural properties as also mentioned by few researchers [33], [34]. The concentration of nano filler above 0.5 wt% would also increase agglomeration [2], [3], [35]. Besides agglomerates, re-aggregation of CNTs in epoxy matrix due to insufficient time of curing could be one of possible reasons for lower flexural properties, as stated by Inam et al [36].…”

Section: Sem Imagesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Epoxy has some unique properties which include high modulus and strength, low shrinkage, as well as excellent chemical and heat resistance [1]. Epoxy has been widely used in manufacturing applications, for instance, it has been widely used as adhesives, coatings, electronic and aerospace structures [2]. However, there are some drawbacks that have been highlighted by some researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexural Properties of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTS) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTS) Toughened Epoxy Composites

Saharudin¹,

Elias²,

Sofian³

et al. 2020

IJITEE

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In this research, four different concentrations of halloysite nanotubes and carbon nanotubes (0wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 1 wt%) were produced using solution casting method. Both fillers were dispersed using bath sonicator for 10 minutes. Flexural properties, surface roughness and microhardness were studied. The highest flexural modulus and flexural strength were observed in the 0.2 wt% HNTs-epoxy composites, where the maximum values were 36.6% and 82% respectively. The maximum surface roughness was recorded in the case of 0.2 wt% HNTs-epoxy composites. The highest microhardness value was found in the 0.5 wt% HNTs-epoxy composites where the microhardness improved by 80%. The results suggest, HNTs were easily dispersed in epoxy matrix than CNTs, at shorter processing time. From the SEM images, it can be observed that, HNTs significantly changed the microstructure of the nanocomposites, as there were many straight and elevated crack lines, this can be associated with the toughening mechanism offered by the filler. CNTs on the other hand, had influenced on the micro cracks and showed semi-parabolic pattern. However, the flexural properties of CNTs are slightly lower than HNTs because CNTs have strong van der Waals force and as a result very difficult to disperse by simple sonication. HNTs can be utilised as an alternative to CNTs, since the dispersion state is better even though at minimum sonication time.

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Section: Sem Imagesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexural Properties of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTS) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTS) Toughened Epoxy Composites

Saharudin¹,

Elias²,

Sofian³

et al. 2020

IJITEE

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“…The mixture was poured into silicone mould to cured for 6 hours at room temperature before post-curing took place at 150 °C for 6 h as shown in Fig. 2 [16].…”

Section: Materials and Samples Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Processing of Epoxy/1 wt%-graphene Nanocomposites: Effects of Ethanol on Flexural Properties

2019

IJITEE

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Four different types of nanocomposites were successfully produced using solution casting technique. Graphene was dispersed in four different ethanol concentrations; 0g, 1g, 2.5g, and 5g. In general, it can be observed that ethanol is an excellent agent for 1 wt% graphene dispersed in the epoxy matrix. The maximum increase in flexural properties, impact strength and microhardness were observed in 1 wt% graphene dispersed in 1g ethanol. The flexural strength and modulus increased by 62% and 61% respectively. The highest impact strength was recorded for 1 wt% graphene dispersed with 1g ethanol, where an improvement of 9.5% was observed. The maximum Vickers microhardness was recorded to improve 3% compared to monolithic epoxy. SEM images revealed that graphene can impede the advancing cracks and significantly change the fracture mode from a straight fracture path to radially emanated path. It is worth to point out that if ethanol is not completely evaporated during processing, it can cause porosity which is unfavourable to the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites.

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Biodegradation of Halloysite Nanotubes-Polyester Nanocomposites Exposed to Short Term Seawater Immersion

2017

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Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs)-polyester nanocomposites with four different concentrations were produced using solution casting technique and the biodegradation effect of short-term seawater exposure (120 h) was studied. Monolithic polyester was observed to have the highest seawater absorption with 1.37%. At 0.3 wt % HNTs reinforcement, the seawater absorption dropped significantly to the lowest value of 0.77% due to increase of liquid diffusion path. For samples tested in dry conditions, the Tg, storage modulus, tensile properties and flexural properties were improved. The highest improvement of Tg was from 79.3 to 82.4 °C (increase 3.1 °C) in the case of 0.3 wt % HNTs. This can be associated with the exfoliated HNTs particles, which restrict the mobility of polymer chains and thus raised the Tg. After seawater exposure, the Tg, storage modulus, tensile properties and flexural properties of polyester and its nanocomposites were decreased. The Young’s modulus of 0.3 wt % HNTs-polyester dropped 20% while monolithic polyester dropped up to 24% compared to their values in dry condition. Apart from that, 29% flexural modulus reduction was observed, which was 18% higher than monolithic polyester. In contrast, fracture toughness and surface roughness increased due to plasticization effect. The presence of various microbial communities caused gradual biodegradation on the microstructure of the polyester matrix as also evidently shown by SEM images.

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Effect of Short Term Water Exposure on the Mechanical Properties of Halloysite Nanotubes-Multi Layer Graphene Reinforced Polyester Nanocomposites

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Flexural Properties of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTS) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTS) Toughened Epoxy Composites

Flexural Properties of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTS) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTS) Toughened Epoxy Composites

The Processing of Epoxy/1 wt%-graphene Nanocomposites: Effects of Ethanol on Flexural Properties

Biodegradation of Halloysite Nanotubes-Polyester Nanocomposites Exposed to Short Term Seawater Immersion

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