Effect of short electromagnetic pulses on brain acetylcholine content and spontaneous motor activity of mice

Modak, A. T.; Stavinoha, W. B.; Deam, A.P.

doi:10.1002/bem.2250020112

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…A few studies have been added to the classical literature on thermal tolerance. Modak et al [1981] showed that the motor activity of mice would decrease immediately after exposure to single, intense pulses of 2450 MHz RF energy and remain at a low level for at least 5 min thereafter. A 25 ms pulse at an energy dose of 18.7 J was more effective than a 15 ms pulse at 14.25 J, and body temperature was elevated more at the longer (þ4 8C) than at the shorter (þ2 8C) duration.…”

Section: Thermal Tolerance and Lethalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and cognitive effects of microwave exposure

D'Andrea

Adair

Lorge³

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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This paper presents an overview of the recent behavioral literature concerning microwave exposure and discusses behavioral effects that have supported past exposure standards. Other effects, which are based on lower levels of exposure, are discussed as well, relative to setting exposure standards. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the ways in which behavioral end points are investigated in the laboratory, together with some of the methodological considerations pertinent to such studies when radio frequency (RF) exposure is involved. It has been pointed out by several sources that exposure to RF radiation can lead to changes in the behavior of humans and laboratory animals that can range from the perceptions of warmth and sound to lethal body temperatures. Behavior of laboratory animals can be perturbed and, under certain other conditions, animals will escape and subsequently avoid RF fields; but they will also work to obtain a burst of RF energy when they are cold. Reports of change of cognitive function (memory and learning) in humans and laboratory animals are in the scientific literature. Mostly, these are thermally mediated effects, but other low level effects are not so easily explained by thermal mechanisms. The phenomenon of behavioral disruption by microwave exposure, an operationally defined rate decrease (or rate increase), has served as the basis for human exposure guidelines since the early 1980s and still appears to be a very sensitive RF bioeffect. Nearly all evidence relates this phenomenon to the generation of heat in the tissues and reinforces the conclusion that behavioral changes observed in RF exposed animals are thermally mediated. Such behavioral alteration has been demonstrated in a variety of animal species and under several different conditions of RF exposure. Thermally based effects can clearly be hazardous to the organism and continue to be the best predictor of hazard for homosapiens. Nevertheless, similar research with man has not been conducted. Although some studies on human perception of RF exist, these should be expandedto include a variety of RF parameters.

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Section: Thermal Tolerance and Lethalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and cognitive effects of microwave exposure

D'Andrea

Adair

Lorge³

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…Previously, it has been demonstrated that exposure to radiofrequencies induced changes in different cholinergic parameters such as acetylcholine concentration (Modak et al 1981) and release (Testylier et al 2002), choline uptake (Lai et al 1987;Lai et al 1989) and acetylcholinesterase activity (Dutta et al 1992;Ahmed et al 2006;Valbonesi et al 2016). Such alteration of neurotransmitter system may influence behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Postnatal development and behavior effects of in-utero exposure of rats to radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional WiFi devices

Othman

Ammari

Rtibi

et al. 2017

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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“…Various expenments have shown effects of microwaves on cholinergic functions. A decrease in brain concentration of acetylcholine has been reported in mice exposed to pulsed microwaves, which increased the body temperature by 2 4 C (Modak et al, 1981). Acute microwave irradiation has been reported to inhibit membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase activity in the vagal heart preparation (Young, 1980) and also in the guinea pig brain (Baranski, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Level Microwave Irradiations Affect Central Cholinergic Activity in the Rat

Lai¹,

Horita

Chou

et al. 1987

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake was measured in various regions of the brains of rats irradiated for 45 min with either pulsed or continuous-wave low-level microwaves (2,450 MHz; power density, 1 mW/cm2; average whole-body specific absorption rate, 0.6 W/kg). Pulsed microwave irradiation (2-microseconds pulses, 500 pulses/s) decreased choline uptake in the hippocampus and frontal cortex but had no significant effect on the hypothalamus, striatum, and inferior colliculus. Pretreatment with a narcotic antagonist (naloxone or naltrexone; 1 mg/kg i.p.) blocked the effect of pulsed microwaves on hippocampal choline uptake but did not significantly alter the effect on the frontal cortex. Irradiation with continuous-wave microwaves did not significantly affect choline uptake in the hippocampus, striatum, and hypothalamus but decreased the uptake in the frontal cortex. The effect on the frontal cortex was not altered by pretreatment with narcotic antagonist. These data suggest that exposure to low-level pulsed or continuous-wave microwaves leads to changes in cholinergic functions in the brain.

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Effect of short electromagnetic pulses on brain acetylcholine content and spontaneous motor activity of mice

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Behavioral and cognitive effects of microwave exposure

Behavioral and cognitive effects of microwave exposure

Postnatal development and behavior effects of in-utero exposure of rats to radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional WiFi devices

Low‐Level Microwave Irradiations Affect Central Cholinergic Activity in the Rat

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