Effect of short carbon fiber on thermal, mechanical and tribological behavior of phenolic-based brake friction materials

Ahmadijokani, Farhad; Shojaei, Akbar; Arjmand, Mohammad; Alaei, Yasaman; Yan, Ning

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.038

Cited by 113 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In order to get a better understanding about the effect of O-MMT on the curing behavior of the CFRP, the crosslink density was calculated using rubber elasticity theory based on the elastic modulus of samples at rubbery state obtained from DMA as described below [ 29 , 30 ]:

where

is the crosslink density expressed in moles of elastically effective network chains per cubic centimeter of sample, E ´ is the storage modulus in the rubbery region at a temperature well above T g , R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature at which experimental modulus was selected (in this study T = 493.15 K). It can be seen that the addition of O-MMT into the CFRP increased the crosslink density ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Organo-Modified Montmorillonite Nanoclay on Mechanical, Thermo-Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Composites

et al. 2021

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This work aims to explore the effect of organo-modified montmorillonite nanoclay (O-MMT) on the mechanical, thermo-mechanical, and thermal properties of carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic composites (CFRP). CFRP at variable O-MMT contents (from 0 to 2.5 wt%) were prepared. The addition of 1.5 wt% O-MMT was found to give the heat resistant polymer composite optimum properties. Compared to the CFRP, the CFRP with 1.5 wt% O-MMT provided a higher tensile strength of 64 MPa (+20%), higher impact strength of 49 kJ/m2 (+51%), but a little lower bending strength of 162 MPa (−1%). The composite showed a 64% higher storage modulus at 30 °C of 6.4 GPa. It also could reserve its high modulus up to 145 °C. Moreover, it had a higher heat deflection temperature of 152 °C (+1%) and a higher thermal degradation temperature of 630 °C. This composite could maintain its mechanical properties at high temperature and was a good candidate for heat resistant material.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Organo-Modified Montmorillonite Nanoclay on Mechanical, Thermo-Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Composites

et al. 2021

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“…According to Table , the T g values of composites (containing 30 wt%) decreased in the order of with LA modified AKSh > AA modified AKSh > NaOH treated AKSh > untreated AKSh > neat PhNE. Also, the exothermic peak corresponds to the curing process of the phenolic resin, and the width of the exothermic peak indicates the homogeneity of curing . The width value of the composites reinforced with modified AKShs is higher than the neat PhNE sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical modification of apricot kernel shell waste and its effect on phenolic novolac epoxy composites

Kocaman

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Apricot kernel is one of the most abundant types of agro-waste in the eastern Anatolia regions of Turkey. In this study, apricot kernel shells (AKShs) were chemically modified using levulinic acid (LA) for the first time, and their potential for developing biobased composites was evaluated. Phenol novolac epoxy resin was used as matrix owing to its high thermal and superior adhesion properties. Shell treatments to improve interfacial bonding were carried out using alkali, acetic acid, and LA. These treatments were aimed at improving the mechanical properties, wettability, and bonding of the composites.Moreover, these treatments could prevent the deterioration of the fiber/matrix interface (hydrophilic and hydrophobic effect) and mitigate damage to the fiber during production, which is one of the main reasons for the reduced strength of the composites. The thermal characteristics, crystallinity index, chemical composition, and surface morphology of the untreated and chemically modified AKShs and composites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. In addition, the composites were analyzed in detail using mechanical tests and contact angle measurements. The chemical treatment using LA resulted in composites with superior mechanical behavior.

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“…High-quality friction materials must possess properties such as stable coefficient of friction (COF), low wear rate, rapid heat dissipation, and low cost [1,2]. To satisfy these parameters, reinforcing fibers are commonly used in friction washers to improve tribological and mechanical properties such as thermal stability, strength, and stiffness [3][4][5]. Different fibers such as cellulose [6], Kevlar [7], ceramic [8], carbon [9][10][11], and glass [12][13][14], have also been incorporated into friction materials, leading to improvements in tribological properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there have been few studies on the friction and wear behavior of PC as the matrix of composite material. Additionally, thermosets such as epoxy (EP) [26][27][28] and phenolic [4,29] have also been the subject of many studies. EP is widely used since it possesses high mechanical strength and hardness, and good chemical stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction and Wear Performance of Staple Carbon Fabric-Reinforced Composites: Effects of Surface Topography

Lai

Chen

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Here, staple carbon fiber fabric-reinforced polycarbonate (PC)- and epoxy (EP)-based composites with different impregnating resin levels were fabricated using a modified film stacking process. The effects of surface topographies and resin types on the tribological properties of stable carbon fabric composites (sCFC) were investigated. Friction and wear tests on the carbon composites were conducted under unlubricated sliding using a disk-on-disk wear test machine. Experimental results showed that the coefficient of friction (COF) of the sCFC was dominated by matrix type, followed by peak material portion (Smr1) values, and finalized with core height (Sk) values. The COF of composites decreased by increasing the sliding speed and applied pressure. This also relied on surface topography and temperature generated at the worn surface. However, the specific wear rate was strongly affected by resin impregnation. Partially-impregnated composites showed lower specific wear rate, whereas fully-impregnated composites showed a higher wear rate. This substantially increased by increasing the sliding speed and applied pressure. Scanning electron microscopy observations of the worn surfaces revealed that the primary wear mechanisms were abrasion, adhesion, and fatigue for PC-based composites. For EP-based composites, this was primarily abrasion and fatigue. Results proved that partially-impregnated composites exhibited better tribological properties under severe conditions.

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Effect of short carbon fiber on thermal, mechanical and tribological behavior of phenolic-based brake friction materials

Cited by 113 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of Organo-Modified Montmorillonite Nanoclay on Mechanical, Thermo-Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Composites

Effect of Organo-Modified Montmorillonite Nanoclay on Mechanical, Thermo-Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Composites

Chemical modification of apricot kernel shell waste and its effect on phenolic novolac epoxy composites

Friction and Wear Performance of Staple Carbon Fabric-Reinforced Composites: Effects of Surface Topography

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