Effect of Shenfu Injection on Porcine Renal Function after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Abstract

Objective. To comprehensively evaluate the protective effect of Shenfu injection (SFI) on renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) through neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and to explore effective monitoring of early renal injuries after CPR. Methods. Thirty healthy minipigs were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation (SO) (n = 6), control (n = 12), and SFI (n = 12). The SO group underwent only catheterization, whereas the control and SFI groups were subjected to program-controlled electrical stimulation to establish a cardiac arrest (CA) model due to ventricular fibrillation. After CPR, the return of spontaneous circulation was achieved. Each animal in the SFI group was intravenously injected with SFI after resuscitation. Haemodynamic parameters were monitored at baseline and 2, 6, 12, and 24 hr after CPR. At each time point, venous blood samples were collected for NGAL, creatinine, and ATPase screening. Results. After CA, the MAP, CPP, and CO of the animals in the control and SFI groups decreased significantly. However, at 6 hr after CPR, the MAP, CPP, and CO of the animals in the SFI group began to recover gradually; the differences between the control and SFI groups were significant (P<0.005). The renal damage immediately after CPR appeared to be significant in the pathological examinations. However, the degree of renal injury in the SFI group improved significantly, and the apoptosis index was also notably reduced. The blood and urine NGAL levels were clearly elevated after CPR. The greatest increase in NGAL was found in the control group, which was significantly different from that of the SFI group (P<0.001). SFI can significantly increase the ATPase activity of kidney tissues after CPR and improve abnormal caspase-3 protein expression. Conclusion. SFI can effectively prevent acute kidney injuries caused by CPR through improving energy metabolism and inhibiting apoptosis.

Shenfu Injection Protects Brain Injury in Rats with Cardiac Arrest through Nogo/NgR Pathway

“…In clinical practice, Shenfu injection is not only used to treat coronary heart disease [ 14 ] but also to prevent ischemia–reperfusion related injury. Previous studies have reported that Shenfu injection can effectively prevent acute kidney injury by improving energy metabolism and inhibiting cell apoptosis [ 15 ]. Furthermore, Shenfu injection also has beneficial effects on cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury and craniocerebral injury.…”