Effect of shelterwood density on nocturnal near-ground temperature, frost injury risk and budburst date of Norway spruce

Langvall, Ola; Löfvenius, Mikaell Ottosson

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00754-x

Cited by 68 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In these predominantly convex areas, frosts are infrequent and mostly caused by the advection associated to northerly cold spells, rather than from radiation (Lindkvist et al, 2000). Therefore, woody shrubs might provide enough shelter for frost-sensitive seedlings with juvenile foliage for a few years, before hardier, secondary needles are formed at higher levels of the plant (Langvall and Ottosson-Löfvenius, 2002). This rarity of frosts at the ground level in the typical Aleppo pine habitat runs in parallel to the lack of cold acclimation in the roots of this species (Tinus et al, 2000).…”

Section: P C a N A R Ie N S Is P R A D Ia T A P P In E A P H mentioning

confidence: 99%

Freezing injury in primary and secondary needles of Mediterranean pine species of contrasting ecological niches

Climent

Silva²,

Chambel

et al. 2009

Ann. For. Sci.

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Abstract• Pine seedlings show a marked ontogenetic difference between primary and secondary needles, the latter prevailing with a different timing among species.• Using the electrolyte leakage method following an artificial freezing test, we aimed at (1) determining the differences in freezing tolerance between primary and secondary needles in eight pines of contrasting thermal habitats: P. canariensis, P. pinea, P. halepensis, P. brutia, P. pinaster, P. nigra, P. sylvestris and P. radiata, (2) evaluating the relation between freezing tolerance and sclerophylly and (3) relating freezing tolerance with the climate of origin.• Primary needles were significantly more sensitive to freezing than secondary needles in Pinus halepensis, P. brutia, P. pinaster and P. nigra, whereas no differences were found in P. canariensis, P. pinea and P. radiata. LT50 was uncorrelated with needle sclerophylly but very highly correlated with the mean temperature of the coldest month at the seed source.• Results support an adaptive role of secondary needles in the mountain Mediterranean pines P. nigra, P. pinaster and P. brutia, while the more complex responses in coastal Mediterranean pines can be interpreted in the light of seedling ontogeny and species' ecological niches. Mots-clés :gel / perte d'électrolyte / gelée / ontogénie / hétéroblastie Résumé -Dégâts du gel sur des aiguilles primaires et secondaires chez différentes espèces de pins méditerranéens dans des niches écologiques contrastées.• Les jeunes plants de pin présentent une nette différence ontogénétique entre aiguilles primaires et secondaires, les secondes devenant dominantes après des délais variables selon les espèces.• À l'aide d'une expérience de gel artificiel et à l'aide de la méthode de perte d'électrolyte, nous avons visé à : (1) déterminer les différences de tolérance au gel entre aiguilles primaires et secondaires de huit espèces de pins présentant des habitats thermiques contrastés : P. canariensis, P. pinea, P. halepensis, P. brutia, P. pinaster, P. nigra, P. sylvestris et P. radiata, (2) évaluer la relation entre tolérance au gel et degré de sclérophyllie, et (3) mettre en relation tolérance au gel et climat d'origine.• Les aiguilles primaires étaient beaucoup plus sensibles au gel que les aiguilles secondaires chez Pinus halepensis, P. brutia, P. pinaster et P. nigra, alors qu'aucune différence n'a été constatée chez P. canariensis, P. pinea et P. radiata. La température induisant 50 % de mortalité n'était pas corrélée avec la sclérophyllie des aiguilles mais très fortement avec la température moyenne du mois le plus froid de la provenance des semences.• Les résultats corroborent l'idée d'un rôle adaptatif des aiguilles secondaires des pins méditerra-néens montagnards P. nigra, P. pinaster et P. brutia, tandis que les réponses plus complexes des pins méditerranéens côtiers peuvent être interprétées à la lumière de l'ontogénie des semis et des niches écologiques des espèces.

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Section: P C a N A R Ie N S Is P R A D Ia T A P P In E A P H mentioning

confidence: 99%

Freezing injury in primary and secondary needles of Mediterranean pine species of contrasting ecological niches

Climent

Silva²,

Chambel

et al. 2009

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…When managing Norway spruce-birch mixtures, the challenge is to identify and apply appropriate treatments at appropriate times, i.e., when the species complement each other rather than compete with each other. Mixtures have often been evaluated in terms of either species-specific or total yields (Tham 1994;Valkonen and Valsta 2001;Frivold and Frank 2002;Johansson 2003;Fahlvik et al 2005;Vila et al 2007;Piotto 2008;Gamfeldt et al 2013), or from a unilateral perspective, using birch to facilitate Norway spruce cultivation (Bergqvist 1999;Langvall and Löfvenius 2002), as when one species is used as a nurse tree for other species (Ambrozy 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scenario analysis of planting density and pre-commercial thinning: will the mixed forest have a chance?

Holmström¹,

Hjelm

Karlsson³

et al. 2016

Eur J Forest Res

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In the establishment phase, several management alternatives could be applied that affect the species composition of the future stand. In this study, tree seedling data from experiments with planted Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) and naturally regenerated species, mainly Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), were used for six simulated pre-commercial thinning (PCT) scenarios. The scenarios included both monocultures and mixed stand alternatives with various initial spacing of the planted Norway spruce (0, 1600 or 2800 seedlings) and selection of main stems based on relative heights. Further stand development and individual tree growth were simulated until final harvest. Potentially, based on findings of the seedling measurements, the stands could be mixed with five to six species, but the browsing pressure from ungulates reduced this possibility since the height growth for all species except Norway spruce was highly affected by browsing. The simulated mixtures had a small variation between the PCT scenarios for the maximum mean annual increment (about 10 %). Although the growth was similar for Norway spruce, the proportion of birch in the final stands differed from 3 to 21 % between treatments and none of the highdensity planting treatments generated a mixed Norway spruce-birch forest at the time of final felling.

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“…Important factors that are strongly affected by gap size and the degree of canopy cover include e.g. the occurrence of temperature extremes (Langvall and Löfvenius 2002), establishment and amount of competing vegetation (Nilsson et al 2002), as well as the rate of regrowth in scarified patches (Béland et al 2000;Hanssen et al 2003). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination and seedling establishment of Norway spruce (Picea abies) after clear-cutting is affected by timing of soil scarification

et al. 2017

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Natural regeneration of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is a relatively common practice in Norway on medium to low site indices. However, seedling establishment is often hampered by rapid regrowth of competing vegetation in scarified patches. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of coordinating scarification towards an expected seed-fall, by studying germination and seedling establishment in scarified patches of different age (fresh, one-and two-year-old). The experiment was conducted in two stands in southeast Norway that were clear-cut in 2007. Scarification was applied to subplots in autumn 2008-2010. To simulate seed-fall, seeds were sown in fresh scarification patches in spring 2009-2011, in one-year-old patches in 2010 and 2011, and in twoyear-old patches in 2011. Both germination and seedling survival were negatively affected by the age of the scarified patches. Germination was higher, and mortality lower, at the small fern woodland site, compared with the bilberry woodland site. Sowing in fresh patches also resulted in increased height and root collar diameter of the seedlings compared with sowing in older patches. It is likely that the competing vegetation both on the site and in the scarification patches affected the growth of the seedlings. In conclusion, the age of the scarified patches affected both germination and mortality, as well as early growth of the seedlings.

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Effect of shelterwood density on nocturnal near-ground temperature, frost injury risk and budburst date of Norway spruce

Cited by 68 publications

References 21 publications

Freezing injury in primary and secondary needles of Mediterranean pine species of contrasting ecological niches

Freezing injury in primary and secondary needles of Mediterranean pine species of contrasting ecological niches

Scenario analysis of planting density and pre-commercial thinning: will the mixed forest have a chance?

Germination and seedling establishment of Norway spruce (Picea abies) after clear-cutting is affected by timing of soil scarification

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