Effect of shell structure on transversal heating and cooling of channeled ions

Simulations of guiding of low-energy ions through a single nanocapillary in insulating materials

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Owing to the capillary conductivities, the entrance charge patch is extended and the small charge patches are strongly weakened so that the electric field within the capillary keeps unchanged to maintain ion guiding. [8,11,12] Experimentally, a large number of researchers have studied the guiding effect using different insulating capillaries [2][3][4][5][6][13][14][15][16] accompanied by negative ions, [17][18][19] molecular ions, [20,21] and electrons, [22,23] as well as various positive ions. Through analysis of various experimental results, many outstanding achievements are acquired.…”

“…Motivated by the desire to understand the guiding mechanisms, theoretical investigations by means of Monte Carlo simulations. [8][9][10][11][12]28] and analytic calculations [29] have been performed in several research groups. These theoretical studies successfully provide more detailed information about ion guiding.…”

“…[9][10][11][12] To establish ionguiding equilibrium in simulations, the transport of charges deposited on the capillary wall should be invoked. However, there exist two different models of the charge transport used in previous simulations, namely the drift model [8,11,12] intro-ducing a nonlinear effect on the charge migration in an electric field, and the diffusion model [9,10] adopting an unbiased random walk to describe the spread and depletion of the deposited charges. Here, it should be pointed out that some general properties of ion guiding can be reproduced by either of these two models.…”