Effect of shear conditions on floc properties and membrane fouling in coagulation/ultrafiltration hybrid process—The significance of Alb species

Impacts of organic coagulant aid on purification performance and membrane fouling of coagulation/ultrafiltration hybrid process with different Al-based coagulants

“…Large flocs, which were highly resistant to shear, led to a 20% increase in permeate flux because they were not easily broken; while large flocs but with weaker resistant to shear resulted in a decrease of 50% in permeate flux. The results of our previous research [12] proved that flocs formed by pre-hydrolyzed Al coagulants, such as PACl, were stronger than those by conventional alum. However, they commonly had more compact structures and hence, pre-hydrolyzed Al species could not essentially improve the permeate flux despite of its superior coagulation behaviors.…”

Evaluation of enhanced coagulation coupled with magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) in natural organic matter and sulfamethoxazole removals: The role of Al-based coagulant characteristic

“…PACl coagulant with the total concentration of 0.5 mol/L was prepared using solid-solid mixing method and more detail could be found in our previous paper [21]. The Al 13 coagulant was purified from PACl using precipitation with ethanol and acetone method and SO 4 2À /Ba 2+ displacement method according to Xu and Gao [22] and Shi et al [23].…”

Influence of coagulation mechanisms on the residual aluminum – The roles of coagulant species and MW of organic matter

“…6, it elucidated that D f value is positively correlated with the residual Al concentration. The flocs formed by Al a would be easier to be broken and lead to the release of Al [36,37]. Therefore, the D f value is a vital index rather than floc size to indicate the residual Al concentration.…”