Effect of severe plastic deformation by high-pressure torsion at different temperatures and subsequent annealing on structural and phase transformations in Zr-2.5% Nb alloy
“…In such a situation, time-dependent diffusion occurs through thermally activated mobility of atoms and vacancies (Setiawan et al, 2011). Rogachev et al (2021) reported the effect of the temperature during the HPT deformation process and successive annealing at different temperatures on the phase and structural transformations of the Zr-2.5% Nb alloy. They examined the temperature effect on the microhardness of the alloy.…”
Section: General Idea On Severe Plastic Deformationmentioning
The metallic glasses are known as amorphous and metastable materials. These materials have superior mechanical properties over crystalline materials with the same chemistry. Continuous efforts were made to improve the properties of metallic glass. The severe plastic deformation (SPD) method is used to improve the ductility of the glass. SPD causes the deformation at the atomic level in the disordered structure of the glass. Many methods are reported, such as cryogenic cycling, high-pressure torsion, and equal channel angular pressing, which are used for the SPD. In recent works on nanostructured metallic glasses, it has been evidenced that some properties, for example, mechanical, thermal, and magnetic, have improved compared to the bulk metallic glass. This paper has reviewed the recent progress in the SPD of the bulk and nanostructured metallic glasses. Different methods for the SPD have been addressed here. The effect of SPD on the properties of metallic glass is deliberated in this paper. Moreover, the challenging tasks of deformation occurrence in the glass and its characterization were considered, trying to develop a sound understanding of SPD in bulk and nanostructured metallic glasses.
“…In such a situation, time-dependent diffusion occurs through thermally activated mobility of atoms and vacancies (Setiawan et al, 2011). Rogachev et al (2021) reported the effect of the temperature during the HPT deformation process and successive annealing at different temperatures on the phase and structural transformations of the Zr-2.5% Nb alloy. They examined the temperature effect on the microhardness of the alloy.…”
Section: General Idea On Severe Plastic Deformationmentioning
The metallic glasses are known as amorphous and metastable materials. These materials have superior mechanical properties over crystalline materials with the same chemistry. Continuous efforts were made to improve the properties of metallic glass. The severe plastic deformation (SPD) method is used to improve the ductility of the glass. SPD causes the deformation at the atomic level in the disordered structure of the glass. Many methods are reported, such as cryogenic cycling, high-pressure torsion, and equal channel angular pressing, which are used for the SPD. In recent works on nanostructured metallic glasses, it has been evidenced that some properties, for example, mechanical, thermal, and magnetic, have improved compared to the bulk metallic glass. This paper has reviewed the recent progress in the SPD of the bulk and nanostructured metallic glasses. Different methods for the SPD have been addressed here. The effect of SPD on the properties of metallic glass is deliberated in this paper. Moreover, the challenging tasks of deformation occurrence in the glass and its characterization were considered, trying to develop a sound understanding of SPD in bulk and nanostructured metallic glasses.
“…Moreover, the β-phase volume fraction and grain size in the alloy increase with the annealing temperature, while the excessive grain size is not conducive to the overall mechanical properties of the alloy. Thus, the annealing temperature of Zr-Ti-based alloys should not be made too high [15,16].…”
In this experiment, an annealing treatment was carried out for a rolled Zr–Ti–8V alloy, and the toughening mechanism of the material was thoroughly analyzed by combining advanced material characterization and other testing methods. The phase composition of the Zr–Ti–8V alloy was sensitive to the applied annealing temperature, while a series of changes in the phase composition of the alloy were induced by enforcing bigger thermal budgets. Implementing a temperature value of 450 °C led to a higher α-phase content, in striking contrast with the case where a lower annealing temperature of 400 °C was applied. The β grains that were stretched in the alloy’s rolling direction and annealed at 600 °C to 800 °C were recrystallized. As a result, the acquired configuration was equiaxed with β grains. The extracted results revealed that the alloy annealed at 450 °C showed a good strong–plastic ratio, with tensile strength and elongation of 1040 MPa and 8.2%, respectively. In addition, the alloy annealed at 700–800 °C showed good plasticity properties. From the hardness tests and friction wear experiments on all the experimental alloys, it was demonstrated that the dual-phase alloy with α + β had higher hardness and wear resistance, whereas the opposite trend was observed for the single β-phase alloy.
“…Namely, γ-austenite 316LN steels converted to both ε-martensite and α′-martensite with increasing HPT strain [ 2 ]. Moreover, the effects of temperature on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of HPT-produced materials were also investigated in [ 32 , 33 ]. Usually, HPT-produced materials have inhomogeneous microstructure at room temperature, which contains nanograins, distorted boundaries and intragranular defects, etc.…”
316LN stainless steel is a prospective structural material for the nuclear and medical instruments industries. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) combined with annealing possesses have been used to create materials with excellent mechanical properties. In the present work, a series of ultrafine-grained (UFG) 316LN steels were produced by high-pressure torsion (HPT) and a subsequent annealing process. The effects of annealing temperature on grain recrystallization and precipitation were investigated. Recrystallized UFG 316LN steels can be achieved after annealing at high temperature. The σ phase generates, at grain boundaries, at an annealing temperature range of 750–850 °C. The dislocations induced by recrystallized grain boundaries and strain-induced nanotwins are beneficial for enhancing ductility. Moreover, microcracks are easy to nucleate at the σ phase and the γ-austenite interface, causing unexpected rapid fractures.
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