Effect of Severe Cold or Warm Deformation on Microstructure Evolution and Tensile Behavior of a 316L Stainless Steel

Odnobokova, Marina; Belyakov, Andrey; Kaibyshev, Rustam

doi:10.1002/adem.201500100

Cited by 51 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…The ultrafine grains with an average size of D should contribute to the strengthening in accordance with Hall–Petch‐type relationship, that is, Δ σ DRX = σ 0 + k ϵ D −0.5 , where σ 0 = 215 MPa and k ϵ = 620 MPa m −0.5 are obtained from Figure a, which shows the yield strengths of initial and completely DRX steel samples as a linear function of inverse square root of the mean grain size. The similar values of σ 0 have been reported in other studies on the strengthening of austenitic stainless steels . Relatively high grain boundary strengthening factor ( k ϵ ) obtained in the present study could be affected by the dislocation density in the ultrafine DRX grains that provide an additional strengthening of the DRX steel sample and increase the line slope in Figure a.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The values of σ 0 * = 410 MPa and α = 0.3 are obtained from Figure b. Note here that almost the same values of α have been frequently used for the strength calculations in various other studies . Then, the yield strength of the austenitic stainless steel subjected to the multiple forging accompanied by the DRX development can be expressed as follows:

σ_{0.2} = true(σ_{0} + k_{ϵ} D^{- 0.5} true) F_{D R X} + true(σ_{0} * + α M G boldb ρ^{0.5} true) true(1 - F_{normalD normalR normalX} true)

…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Kinetics of Grain Refinement and Strengthening by Dynamic Recrystallization

et al. 2018

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The grain refinement and strengthening of an austenitic stainless steel are studied under multiple multidirectional forging at 1073 K up to strains of 4. The structural changes are characterized by the development of discontinuous and continuous dynamic recrystallization (DRX) leading to the grain refinement down to submicrometer level. The new ultrafine grains develop primarily along original grain boundaries and deformation microbands, leading to heterogeneous necklace-like microstructures at intermediate strains followed by rapid expansion of the DRX grains occupying the whole worked sample at large strains. The change in the fraction of ultrafine grains is commonly characterized by a sigmoid-type dependence on strain and can be expressed by a modified Jonson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation. The DRX development is accompanied by a stepwise decrease in the flow stress at reloading in each subsequent forging pass especially in intermediate strains. This stepwise softening results from rapid growth of freshly nucleated grains. In contrast, after forging, both the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength at room temperature increase progressively with an increase in the number of forging passes. The strengthening during DRX development can be attributed to concurrent contribution of work-hardening and grain refinement and can be expressed by a summation of recovered and recrystallized fractions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

σ_{0.2} = true(σ_{0} + k_{ϵ} D^{- 0.5} true) F_{D R X} + true(σ_{0} * + α M G boldb ρ^{0.5} true) true(1 - F_{normalD normalR normalX} true)

…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Kinetics of Grain Refinement and Strengthening by Dynamic Recrystallization

et al. 2018

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“…The deformation martensite frequently appears as crystallites with ultrafine dimensions [31]. In contrast, the austenite should experience rather large strains to obtain a large fraction of ultrafine grains [32]. The fraction of ultrafine grains with a size of below 0.5 μm progressively increases with increasing the rolling strain, whereas the coarse grains disappear.…”

Section: Deformation Microstructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain refinement and strengthening of austenitic stainless steels during large strain cold rolling

Odnobokova

Belyakov

Kaibyshev

2018

Philosophical Magazine

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The microstructure/texture evolution and strengthening of 316 L-type and 304 L-type austenitic stainless steels during cold rolling were studied. The cold rolling was accompanied by the deformation twinning and micro-shear banding followed by the strain-induced martensitic transformation, leading to nanocrystalline microstructures consisting of flattened austenite and martensite grains. The fraction of ultrafine grains can be expressed by a modified Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation, while inverse exponential function holds as a first approximation between the mean grain size (austenite or martensite) and the total strain. The deformation austenite was characterised by the texture components of Brass, {011}<211>, Goss, {011}<100>, and S, {123}<634>, whereas the deformation martensite exhibited a strong {223}<110> texture component along with remarkable γ-fibre, <111>∥ND, with a maximum at {111}<211>. The grain refinement during cold rolling led to substantial strengthening, which could be expressed by a summation of the austenite and martensite strengthening contributions.

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“…From the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy curves measured for the passive films on the samples (before and after immersion) with varying martensite content, it can be seen that the passive films are composed of Cr 2 O 3 , Cr(OH) 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Fe(OH) 3 and FeO, Figures 3,4 [16]. The integral area of the Xray photoelectron spectroscopy curves for the passive films can reflect the relative contents of oxide and hydroxide in the passive films; thus, it is clear that variation in the martensite content has a significant influence on the relative contents of the compounds; for samples with martensite content lower than 6 %, the oxide contents decrease with increasing martensite content; however, when the martensite content becomes higher than 6 %, the oxide contents increase with increasing martensite content.…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stainless steel is a widely used metallic material due to excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. As a common processing method for stainless steel, cold working can result in the formation of residual stress and a strain-induced martensite due to plastic deformation, which can lead to the deterioration of the corrosion resistance through an increase in the number of surface active sites [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of martensite transformation on chemical composition, semiconductor property and corrosion resistance of passive film on SAE 304 stainless steel

Liu

Jiang

2018

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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The chemical composition, semiconductor property and corrosion resistance of passive films on cold-worked 304 stainless steel containing varying amounts of martensite (0 %, 0.6 %, 6 %, 12 % and 20 %) are investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mott-Schottky analyses and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that after cold rolling, the microstructure in the sample transforms from single austenite into compound of martensite and original austenite. For the martensite content of 6 %, the passive film formed on the sample contains the least amount of oxide and shows the highest acceptor and donor densities; according to the inverse relationship between corrosion resistance and both acceptor and donor density, these results indicate that the passive film shows the poorest corrosion resistance among all the samples measured. When the content of martensite decrease below 6 %, the acceptor and donor densities for the passive film increase with increasing martensite content; however, for samples with the martensite content higher than 6 %, the acceptor and donor densities decrease with increasing martensite content. The oxide content and corrosion resistance show the opposite behavior with increasing martensite content: the monotonic decrease for martensite content lower than 6 % and gradual increase when the martensite content exceeds 6 %.

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Effect of Severe Cold or Warm Deformation on Microstructure Evolution and Tensile Behavior of a 316L Stainless Steel

Cited by 51 publications

References 38 publications

On Kinetics of Grain Refinement and Strengthening by Dynamic Recrystallization

On Kinetics of Grain Refinement and Strengthening by Dynamic Recrystallization

Grain refinement and strengthening of austenitic stainless steels during large strain cold rolling

Effect of martensite transformation on chemical composition, semiconductor property and corrosion resistance of passive film on SAE 304 stainless steel

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