Effect of selenium on thyroid autoimmunity and regulatory T cells in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: A prospective randomized‐controlled trial

Hu, Yifang; Feng, Wenwen; Chen, Huanhuan; Shi, He; Jiang, Lin; Zheng, Xuqin; Liu, Xiaoyun; Zhang, Wensong; Ge, Yaoqi; Liu, Yun; Cui, Dai

doi:10.1111/cts.12993

Cited by 44 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…For example, Se (100 µg/day for 6 months) significantly reduced the level of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies when administered in newly diagnosed and previously untreated HT patients with euthyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism living in a Polish area with low Se status [ 87 ]. Moreover, administration of 200 μg/day Se yeast tablets for at least 6 months in HT patients improved thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid function by increasing the antioxidant activity [ 88 ]. The “SETI study” showed that short-course SeMet supplementation was associated with a normalization of serum TSH levels, which is maintained for 6 months after Se withdrawal in 50% of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, due to chronic autoimmune thyroiditis [ 89 ].…”

Section: Selenium and Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Ait)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium: An Element of Life Essential for Thyroid Function

et al. 2021

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Selenium (Se), a microelement essential for life, is critical for homeostasis of several critical functions, such as those related to immune–endocrine function and signaling transduction pathways. In particular, Se is critical for the function of the thyroid, and it is particularly abundant in this gland. Unfortunately, Se deficiency is a very common condition worldwide. Supplementation is possible, but as Se has a narrow safety level, toxic levels are close to those normally required for a correct need. Thus, whether the obtaining of optimal selenium concentration is desirable, the risk of dangerous concentrations must be equally excluded. This review addressed the contribution by environment and food intake on Se circulating levels (e.g., geographical factors, such as soil concentration and climate, and different quantities in food, such as nuts, cereals, eggs, meat and fish) and effects related to its deficiency or excess, together with the role of selenium and selenoproteins in the thyroid pathophysiology (e.g., Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease).

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Section: Selenium and Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Ait)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium: An Element of Life Essential for Thyroid Function

et al. 2021

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“…Inflammatory response is a vital mechanism of H9N2 AIV pathogenicity [ 50 ]. Previous studies have found that selenium does not only affect the secretion of specific cytokines by phagocytes [ 51 ], but also directly acts on lymphocytes to enhance their function [ 52 , 53 ]. IL-1β and IFN-γ are linked with the initiation and regulation of cellular immune responses [ 54 , 55 ], whereas IL-6 (pro-inflammatory cytokine) is associated with the final maturation of B lymphocytes into antibody-secreting plasma cells [ 56 ] and development of T cell memory to influenza virus [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycine Nano-Selenium Enhances Immunoglobulin and Cytokine Production in Mice Immunized with H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Vaccine

Ren

Okyere

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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This study was performed to investigate the immune enhancement effect of glycine nano-selenium, a microelement on H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccine (H9N2 AIV vaccine) in mice. Fifty (50) Specific Pathogen Free Kunming mice aged 4–6 weeks (18–20 g Body weight) were randomly divided into five groups: control normal group, which received no immunization + 0.5 mL 0.9% normal saline, positive control group, which received H9N2 AIV vaccine + 0.5 mL 0.9% normal saline, 0.25 mg/kg selenium group, which received H9N2 AIV vaccine + 0.5 mL 0.25 mg/kg selenium solution, 0.5 mg/kg selenium group, which received H9N2 AIV vaccine + 0.5 mL 0.5 mg/kg selenium solution, and 1 mg/kg selenium group, which received H9N2 AIV vaccine + 0.5 mL 1 mg/kg selenium solution. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) methods were used to investigate the pathological changes, immunoglobulin levels, and cytokine gene expressions in this study. The results showed that all tested doses (0.25 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg and 1.00 mg/kg) of glycine nano-selenium did not lead to poisoning in mice. In addition, when compared to the positive control group, glycine nano-selenium increased the immunoglobin indexes (IgA, IgG, IgM and AIV-H9 IgG in serum) as well as the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and INF-γ in the liver, lungs, and spleen (p < 0.05). In summary, glycine nano-selenium could enhance the efficacy of avian influenza vaccine.

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“…Selenium deficiency, an element that reduces oxidative stress, may affect the function of regulatory T lymphocytes in cAITD, as well as contribute to reduced concentrations of anti-thyroid antibodies and improved thyroid function [ 38 ]. Available reviews and meta-analyzes of different publications show that the use of routine selenium supplementation in AITD raises many doubts and seems to be justified only in the case of confirmed selenium deficiency [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whether a Gluten-Free Diet Should Be Recommended in Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis or Not?—A 12-Month Follow-Up

Pobłocki

Pańka

Telesiński

et al. 2021

JCM

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Elimination diets have recently become extremely popular among people with autoimmune diseases. A gluten-free diet is indicated in celiac disease (CD), but some studies show its effectiveness in cases of autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to assess whether the use of a gluten-free diet is also effective in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroid disease (cAITD), which is the most common thyroid autoimmune pathology associated with chronic inflammation, over-reactivity of the immune system, auto-destruction of thyrocytes and hypothyroidism. The final analysis of the study included 62 Caucasian women randomized into a control group (CG: n = 31) and an experimental group on a gluten-free diet (GFDG: n = 31), were subject to a 12-month follow-up, during which the concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) antibodies were assessed at baseline and after 3, 6 and 12 months. During the 12-month follow-up between the CG and the GFDG, no differences were found in anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies, fT3 or fT4 levels, except a significant reduction in TSH levels in the GFDG. Additionally, performed analysis between individual appointments presented no significant differences in changes in the median concentrations of anti-TPO, anti-TG or fT3, but confirmed a significant decrease in TSH and showed accessory an increase in fT4 after 12 months in GFDG. Statistical analyses performed separately for both groups indicated a constant reduction of anti-TG concentrations in the GFDG. In conclusion, a GFD may be administered in cAITD after ruling out celiac disease, but it is necessary to perform more studies to assess if cAITD patients achieve the benefits of following a GFD. Patients with cAITD should be offered proper nutrition education combined with a healthy lifestyle promotion.

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Effect of selenium on thyroid autoimmunity and regulatory T cells in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: A prospective randomized‐controlled trial

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium,provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

Cited by 44 publications

References 48 publications

Selenium: An Element of Life Essential for Thyroid Function

Selenium: An Element of Life Essential for Thyroid Function

Glycine Nano-Selenium Enhances Immunoglobulin and Cytokine Production in Mice Immunized with H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Vaccine

Whether a Gluten-Free Diet Should Be Recommended in Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis or Not?—A 12-Month Follow-Up

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