Effect of seedling stock on the early stand development and physiology of improved loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings

Sharma, Shakuntala; Adams, J. F.; Schuler, Jamie L.; Ficklin, Robert L.; Bragg, Don C.

doi:10.3832/ifor1725-009

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…7 For example, pine is a wind-pollinated crop, and pine plantations have covered more than 32 million acres in the southeastern United States, where loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is a commercially important and native pine species. 8,9 Pine consists of approximately 42 wt % cellulose, 21 wt % hemicellulose, 26 wt % lignin, and 3 wt % extractive. 7 Natural fibers like these have been found to be able to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of polymers for composite applications.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural fibers, from crops such as pine, poplar, corn stover, and switchgrass, have been widely developed in the United States from research efforts on the production of biomaterials and biofuels . For example, pine is a wind-pollinated crop, and pine plantations have covered more than 32 million acres in the southeastern United States, where loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is a commercially important and native pine species. , Pine consists of approximately 42 wt % cellulose, 21 wt % hemicellulose, 26 wt % lignin, and 3 wt % extractive . Natural fibers like these have been found to be able to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of polymers for composite applications. , However, the low dispersibility of natural fibers and low interfacial adhesion between natural fibers and PLA has created unique challenges for producing viable industrial composites .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Strength Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposites Reinforced by Epoxy-Modified Pine Fibers

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The stiffness and tensile strength of biopolymers (e.g., polylactic acid (PLA)) are less than desirable for load-bearing applications in their neat form. The use of natural fibers as reinforcements for composites (for large-scale three-dimensional (3D) printing) has expanded rapidly, attributable to their low weight, low cost, high stiffness, and renewable nature. Silane and acid/alkali are typically used to modify the surface of natural fibers to improve the fiber/polymer interfacial adhesion. In this study, a simple method of impregnation was developed to modify pine fibers (loblolly, mesh size of 90–180 μm, 30 wt %) with a solvent-borne epoxy to reinforce PLA. As a benefit of the epoxy modification (0.5–10 wt %), the tensile strengths and Young’s moduli of the epoxy-modified pine/PLA composites increased by up to 20 and 82%, respectively, as compared to that of neat PLA. The epoxy-modified pine/PLA composites, with an optimum epoxy modification (1.0 wt %), had fewer voids on the fracture surface as compared with pine/PLA composites without the modification of pine fibers via epoxy. Results confirmed that epoxy partially penetrated the pore/hollow inner structures of pine fibers and improved the fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion. Epoxy modification is found to be a simple and effective technique to improve the properties of biocomposites.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Strength Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposites Reinforced by Epoxy-Modified Pine Fibers

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Agroforestry pines had a better survival rate than those of the plantation. The difference in survival performance between planting patterns likely re ects competition-induced mortality associated with spacing (Sharma et al, 2013). Loblolly pine is a shade-intolerant species and, therefore, is more sensitive to competition, particularly when grown in planted monocultures with narrow spacing (Fowells, 1965).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Two Loblolly Pine Clones Planted in Agroforestry and Plantation Settings: Nine-year Results

Naka,

Hossain,

Dimov

2024

Preprint

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Selecting suitable tree species, cultivars, or clones in agroforestry is essential for maximizing volume growth and reducing mortality. While most studies have investigated the performance of understory crops, more information is needed about the performance of trees in agroforestry systems. In the last decades, the forest industry in the Southeast has produced high-yielding loblolly pine varieties that can be propagated by cloning. We evaluated the performance of two forest industry-rated loblolly pine clones (Pinus taeda L.) that we planted in an agroforestry and a plantation setting at a northern Alabama site. Specifically, we assessed and compared the survival and growth of two genetically improved pine clones: clone 1 (Q3802-43) and clone 2 (L3519-41). Clone 1 had a greater overall survival rate than clone 2 (86% vs. 83%). However, clone 2 demonstrated a superior performance growth compared to clone 1. Tree basal area, live crown ratio, height, and total tree volume inside-bark of clone 2 averaged 0.027 m2, 70%, 10.7 m, and 0.11 m3, respectively, and all were significantly higher than those of clone 1 (0.024 m2, 63%, 9.8 m, and 0.09 m3). Therefore, clone 1 is preferred over clone 2 for our region and in similar site conditions if survival is considered a selection criterion and clone 2 is preferred from the wood production viewpoint. However, it will be more advantageous to use clone 2 overall since its higher average tree volume (0.11 m3 vs. 0.9 m3 of clone 1) can easily offset the lower survival rate.

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“…Overall, more attention has focused on the effects of different genetic materials on the height-age relationship (site index), height-diameter relationship, and the modification of existing general stand models to reflect the genetic gain of improved stands, with less attention paid to tree height and diameter distributions, basal area growth, crown width, and biomass models, or the relationships between various models (Sun et al 2004). Genetics obviously has significant effects on height, diameter, and survival rate (Sharma et al 2013;Ye et al 2010), but genetic factors may affect diameter and height development disproportionally, thus affecting the stem shape and profile (Sabatia and Burkhart 2013). Genetics also can have a significant effect on height distributions and tree size distributions (Weng et al 2010;Sabatia and Burkhart 2013).…”

Section: Other Factors Affecting Growth and Yield Models Of Genetically Improved Standsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), allometry (e.g. tree heightdiameter ratio) (Kroon et al 2008;Weng et al 2008;Sharma et al 2013;Egbäck et al 2014), and different wood properties (Missanjo and Matsumura 2016;Kimberley et al 2016;Moore et al 2017). The use of models based on unimproved stands to predict the future growth and yield of genetically improved stands has greatly limited prediction accuracy and model application, which can adversely affect management decision-making (Adams et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of improved and comprehensive growth and yield models for genetically improved stands

Deng

Froese

Zhang

et al. 2020

Annals of Forest Science

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& Key message This synthesis of the literature on incorporation of genetic gain into growth and yield models reveals a fundamental challenge associated with the rapid progress in genetics and breeding and limited empirical data on improved stands. Model improvements depend on a better understanding of both the biological basis for gain and of interactions between genetic and non-genetic factors on gain. & Context Continued development of new genetic varieties of trees requires accurate stand growth and yield models to predict growth trajectories and genetic gain of the new varieties using early-age growth data. & Aims To identify how the effects of genetic variety on growth and yield models could be analyzed and genetic information could be incorporated into these models for accurate growth simulation and improved yield prediction of genetically improved stands. & Results Genetic variety may affect one or several of the asymptotic parameters, shape parameters, and rate parameters of growth and yield models, which can be assessed by testing the parameter differences of the models. After determination of the influence of genetic varieties on model parameters and considering the existing general stand growth equation, the genetic gain can be incorporated into growth and yield models by calculation of genetic gain multipliers, adjustment of the site index, and calibration of the new model parameters. & Conclusion Accurate and effective growth and yield models for genetically improved stands require a better understanding of the effects of genetics, environment, and silviculture measures on tree and stand growth.

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Effect of seedling stock on the early stand development and physiology of improved loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

High-Strength Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposites Reinforced by Epoxy-Modified Pine Fibers

High-Strength Polylactic Acid (PLA) Biocomposites Reinforced by Epoxy-Modified Pine Fibers

Growth of Two Loblolly Pine Clones Planted in Agroforestry and Plantation Settings: Nine-year Results

Development of improved and comprehensive growth and yield models for genetically improved stands

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