Effect of seed coating with biological agents on seed quality of rice

Abstract

The catch production of this species has declined since 2015. This study aims to assess growth, mortality, and exploitation rate parameters of P. leopardus taken from Napan Yaur water, Cenderawasih Bay National Park (CBNP), Indonesia. The data were collected during periods of February to March 2016. Growth and mortality parameters were analyzed using von Bertalanffy method. Some fish samples used in this study was 123 individuals, with the average length of 32.34 ± 5.13 cm, the maximum length of 48.00 cm and minimum length of 24.5 cm. The von Bertalanffy analysis showed that the growth coefficient (K) was 0.34 year-1 , L∞ was 47.78 cm and t 0 was-0.09 year-1. The estimation of total mortality (Z) was 1.61 year-1 , natural mortality (M) was 0,75year-1 for fishing mortality (F) was 0.86 year-1 , and exploitation rate (E) was 0.53 year-1. The results indicated that most P. leopardus caught were at the pre-maturity size (age) and have been exploited at slightly above its optimum exploitation level. Nevertheless, P. leopardus is categorized as fast growing and long-lived fish species. These findings are important to fisheries management and conservation authorities to fish exploitation in the future.

Seed Treatments with Microorganisms Can Have a Biostimulant Effect by Influencing Germination and Seedling Growth of Crops

“…KS-54 was effective in both controlled and open-field conditions compared to noncoated seeds-in the first case the coating treatment enhanced final germination and lowered mean germination time, whereas in field conditions it increased emergence and values of the emergence index, representing a fast and synchronized germination [50]. Even the simultaneous application of Pseudomonas and Bacillus increased the rice seed vigor index, as reported by Palupi et al [51]. A coating treatment with Paenibacillus yonginensis bacterium combined with SiO 2 resulted in an increase in all seedling growth parameters (shoot length, root length, root number, fresh weight, and dry weight) and vigor index estimated by means of seedling length and germination [52].…”

Microbial seed coating: an attractive tool for sustainable agriculture

“…Seed bio-priming is a proceeding of coating seeds with fungal or bacterial agents in which biological and physiological treatments are used to control the disease (El-Mougy and Abdel-Kader 2008). Coating rice seeds with two biological agents Pseudomonas andBacillus could protect rice against Xanthomonas oryzae and increase seed quality and germination (Palupi et al 2017). UsingPseudomonas fluresences SP700s bacteria as the coating factor not only increased emergence percentage and yield of rice but also reduced dirty panicle disease incidence and severity (Prathuangwong et al 2013).…”

“…To achieve food security and sustainable agriculture, seed quality such as germination, vigor, and mister content is important. Therefore, the microbial seed coating is the seed's primary defense from unfavorable environmental conditions and pathogens, thus improving seed viability and vigor (Palupi et al 2017). The impact of PBM on plant growth has been reported for numerous crops grown in greenhouse and field environments (Gravel et al 2007).…”

Spatial Bioeconomic Analysis of Grouper Fishing on the Fisheries Management Framework in Saleh Bay

“…Menyadari kondisi tersebut, Pemerintah daerah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) melalui Peraturan Gubernur (Pergub) NTB Nomor 32 Tahun 2018 telah berupaya untuk melakukan pengendalian penangkapan yang berlebihan dan merusak tersebut melalui kebijakan pembatasan aktivitas penangkapan sebagai bagian dari intervensi pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan. Regulasi pengelolaan kerapu yang direkomendasikan selama ini berbasis pada pendugaan status stok dengan menggunakan parameter life history (Amorim et al, 2020;Khasanah et al, 2019;Ernaningsih et al, 2019;Agustina et al, 2019;Agustina et al, 2018;Bawole et al, 2017;Agustina et al, 2017) dan analisis bioekonomi konvensional model Gordon-Schaefer (Najamuddin et al, 2016;Sari et al, 2008). Pada umumnya pendekatan pengelolaan tersebut berlaku pada kondisi sumber daya dengan asumsi memiliki distribusi spasial yang homogen dan sering kali kurang tepat digunakan pada kelompok sumber daya dengan heterogenitas spasial tinggi seperti sumber daya kerapu dan kelompok sumber daya ikan demersal serta spesies sedentary (Anderson dan Seijo, 2010).…”

“…Selama dua tahun terakhir, kondisi tingkat penangkapan kerapu sunu (P. leporadus) di Teluk Saleh semakin memburuk, yaitu dari 0.62 (Agustina et al, 2019) menjadi 0.68. Laju eksploitasi ikan tersebut lebih tinggi dibandingkan tingkat pemanfaataan ikan sejenis di perairan lainnya di Indonesia, seperti di Karimunjawa (Jawa Tengah) sebesar 0.45 (Agustina et al, 2018), perairan Kepulauan Sarrapo (Sulawesi Selatan) sebesar 0.58 (Ernaningsih et al, 2019), perairan Teluk Cendrawasih (Papua) sebesar 0.52 (Bawole et al, 2017). Tingginya intensitas penangkapan juga disebabkan oleh permintaan ikan kerapu sunu sebagai komoditas ekonomis penting terus meningkat (Khasanah et al, 2019) dan harga ukuran 0.5 hngga 1 kg (platesize fish) relatif tinggi dibanding ikan lainnya.…”