Effect of seawater on consistency, infiltration rate and swelling characteristics of montmorillonite clay

Elmashad, Mohie Eldin; Ata, Alaa

doi:10.1016/j.hbrcj.2014.12.004

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A new laboratory test is proposed to measure the swelling and infiltration in clays with one simple test "the swelling infiltrometer". The results from the swelling infiltrometer tests confirm that the effect of the seawater is to significantly increase the filtration and decrease the swelling potential of clays containing high percentages of montmorillonite mineral (Elmashad and Ataa, 2016). An important property in studying swelling clay behavior and improvement is the speed at which water penetrates into the soil.…”

Section: Combined 1-d Swelling and Infiltrationmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effect of chemical additives on consistency, infiltration rate and swelling characteristics of bentonite

Elmashad¹

2017

Water Science

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Problems associated with expansive soils in Egypt are predominantly related to the presence of montmorillonite clay minerals in the soil with fresh water. In this paper we are trying to solve the swelling problem of bentonite by using the chemical additives such as ammonium chloride, sodium chloride sodium carbonate and lime. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation performed to quantify the effect of mixing bentonite which represent the swelling soil in homogenies phase with chemical additives such as ammonium chloride, sodium chloride sodium carbonate and lime on the consistency and swelling characteristics of bentonite. The results showed that the increase of the chemical concentration to about 20% of the total sample weight of the mixing water leads to major decrease in the liquid limit and swelling characteristics of the bentonite. The reduction in the swelling of the bentonite is also proportional to the rate of chemical water infiltration into the bentonite. As the increase of the ammonium chloride and lime leads to significant increase of the infiltration.

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Section: Combined 1-d Swelling and Infiltrationmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effect of chemical additives on consistency, infiltration rate and swelling characteristics of bentonite

Elmashad¹

2017

Water Science

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“…For a certain water content, there is a power function relationship between the vertical pressure on compacted bentonite without experiencing deformation, and the initial dry density [46,47]. Figure 15 shows the relationship between the initial dry density of MB specimens and the corresponding final swelling pressure under saline water conditions (Equation (14)). The correlation coefficient (R 2 ) is 0.98.…”

Section: Effect Of Initial Dry Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disadvantages such as a low swelling capacity and high permeability will be evident when bentonite is used in saline conditions [12][13][14][15]. A low hydraulic conductivity and high swelling capacity are prominent characteristics of bentonite, which always depend on the salinity of the contact solution and can change the microstructure of the bentonite [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling Capacity and Hydraulic Conductivity of Polymer-Modified Bentonite under Saline Water Conditions

Liu

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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Bentonite is widely used as a waterproof material in civil engineering. The swelling capacity and impermeability will be reduced in saline water conditions. A polymer-modified bentonite was used in this study, and the swelling characteristic and hydraulic conductivity in saline water were investigated. Results show that: the modified bentonite (MB) has good swelling characteristics and low permeability in saline water conditions; the unload swelling strain of MB in saline water conditions increased with rising swelling time; the final unload swelling strain of MB decreased with the increase of vertical pressure and increased with increasing initial dry density; and, as the swelling time increased, the swelling pressure increased rapidly at first and then decreased. Based on experimental results, this study obtained a linear relationship between the ratio of time to unload swelling strain and swelling time, a formula for load swelling strain that was related to initial dry density and vertical pressure, a linear relationship between the ratio of time to swelling pressure and swelling time, and an exponential relationship between swelling pressure and initial dry density. The MB can be used as a waterproof material in seepage-prone applications under saline environmental conditions in civil engineering works.

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“…Therefore, it becomes very pertinent to know when oil recovery methods such as waterflooding may fail to work in reservoir enriched with heterogeneous shale components. However, salts may reduce the water‐assisted swelling behavior in shale as reported . However, the efficiency of such study is a complex function of several factors, namely, type of salt ions (mono/divalent), salt concentration, osmosis rate, the nature of the porous medium, thermo‐physical and geological conditions, and residence time in the reservoir .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of shale on properties and oil recovery potential of sandstone formation for low‐salinity waterflooding applications

Chaturvedi

Singh

Sharma

2019

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Porous and permeable formation, namely, sandstone, may also contain water-reactive clays that swell in the presence of water and cause damage to formation by reducing its permeability. The inclusion of salts in injected water (called low-salinity water) is considered successful to inhibit shale swelling. Therefore, this study reports the impact of shale content (0-25%) on porous and permeable sand-packs in the presence of fresh water and salt solutions (KCl/CaCl2, 0-4 wt%). The properties of sand-packs were found to be significantly affected by shale; porosity reduced by~34% with 25% of shale, whereas permeability could not be measured due to no flow. KCl addition was relatively favorable as 2 wt% KCl offered least impact of shale on sand-pack properties. Interestingly, sand-pack that exhibited no permeability in water recovered significant permeability in the presence of KCl of 2 wt%.As a result, the oil recoveries of sand-packs were higher than the ones with water, and moreover, sand-pack with 25% shale content showed 27% original oil in place, which was negligible in presence of water. Thus, the study concludes that a salt solution of 2 wt% KCl can be very effective in shaly sandstone that faces challenges in conventional water flooding applications.

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Effect of seawater on consistency, infiltration rate and swelling characteristics of montmorillonite clay

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of chemical additives on consistency, infiltration rate and swelling characteristics of bentonite

Effect of chemical additives on consistency, infiltration rate and swelling characteristics of bentonite

Swelling Capacity and Hydraulic Conductivity of Polymer-Modified Bentonite under Saline Water Conditions

Impact of shale on properties and oil recovery potential of sandstone formation for low‐salinity waterflooding applications

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