Effect of Seawater Ageing on Fracture Toughness of Stitched Glass Fiber/Epoxy Laminates for Marine Applications

Hassan, Atizaz; Khan, Rafiullah; Khan, Numan; Aamir, Muhammad; Pimenov, Danil Yurievich; Giasin, Khaled

doi:10.3390/jmse9020196

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, if the edge of the material is subject to the water as well, the graph shown in Figure 5 can be used to estimate Dl [14]. The moisture concentration at any instance can be calculated using equation (6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Fickian diffusion is a model that describes the absorption and desorption of substances that will flow through the material, in this case, seawater, during the time [12]. In other words, it describes the change of substance concentration with respect to time, following the second law of Fick in one dimension described in equation (6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the inter-laminar shear strength of a carbon fiber/epoxy was reduced by 10% due to a moisture content of 1.2% according to [4] and reduced by 25% due to the moisture content of 1.5% according to [5]. Reference [6] concluded that the fracture toughness of stitched glass fibers reinforced epoxy was significantly affected after being immersed in seawater for 24 days. It was reduced to 70% of its value after 24 days, and to of its value after 35 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seawater absorption properties and equilibrium for carbon fiber reinforced epoxy autonomous underwater vehicle hull at 1000m depth

Elkolali¹,

Al-Tawil²,

Alcocer³

2022

Preprint

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The hull of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is one of the main factors that determine its overall compressibility and drag. The hull as well, acting as a pressure vessel, is the most essential part that will allow the vehicle to accomplish deep diving. In order to minimize the total weight and volume of the vehicle, many modern vehicles benefit from composite materials rather than conventional materials. Moisture absorption, known as the hygral effect, has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the material. Not to mention it also has an effect on the buoyancy of the vehicle, since the overall weight changes. This paper characterizes the seawater absorption and diffusivity of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy (CFRE) pressure hull samples in ambient conditions at sea level and at 1000m depth. The tests were performed using seawater taken from Oslo fjord in Norway and using a pressure vessel. Twelve specimens, all manufactured from CFRE using filament winding technique, were tested in both conditions, and the moisture absorption curve is compared. Periodic gravimetric measurements were taken, where the equilibrium state was reached after approximately 65 days at sea level and after 35 days at 1000m depth. The results showed that moisture diffusivity for composites used in underwater applications should be defined by both pressure and temperature since it changes with respect to submersion depth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Seawater absorption properties and equilibrium for carbon fiber reinforced epoxy autonomous underwater vehicle hull at 1000m depth

Elkolali¹,

Al-Tawil²,

Alcocer³

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In recent times, the utilisation of marine composites has grown in popularity [1][2][3][4][5]. This has been considered both as full thermoplastic composite pipes (TCP) or as hybrid composite structures [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Composite Marine Risers for Deep-Water Applications: Design, Development and Mechanics

et al. 2022

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In recent times, the utilisation of marine composites in tubular structures has grown in popularity. These applications include composite risers and related SURF (subsea umbilicals, risers and flowlines) units. The composite industry has evolved in the development of advanced composites, such as thermoplastic composite pipes (TCP) and hybrid composite structures. However, there are gaps in the understanding of its performance in composite risers, hence the need for this review on the design, hydrodynamics and mechanics of composite risers. The review covers both the structure of the composite production riser (CPR) and its end-fittings for offshore marine applications. It also reviews the mechanical behaviour of composite risers, their microstructure and strength/stress profiles. In principle, designers now have a greater grasp of composite materials. It was concluded that composites differ from standard materials such as steel. Basically, composites have weight savings and a comparative stiffness-to-strength ratio, which are advantageous in marine composites. Also, the offshore sector has grown in response to newer innovations in composite structures such as composite risers, thereby providing new cost-effective techniques. This comprehensive review shows the necessity of optimising existing designs of composite risers. Conclusions drawn portray issues facing composite riser research. Recommendations were made to encourage composite riser developments, including elaboration of necessary standards and specifications.

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“…Different studies have shown that composite materials can survive seawater ingress at different levels based on individual material properties. Hassan et al [63] studied the effect of seawater on marine composites by using glass fibre/epoxy laminates to investigate fracture toughness. Bearing this information in mind, the application of composites can be deployed to improve the material strength, flexibility, stiffness ratio and other mechanical behaviours of the marine bonded hoses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modelling on the Local Design of a Marine Bonded Composite Hose (MBCH) and Its Helix Reinforcement

et al. 2022

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With the exploration of oil trending deeper, from shallow waters to deep waters, there is a corresponding increase in the need for more sustainable conduit materials for production purposes. Secondly, there is an increasing demand for more energy from fossil fuels that are excavated with less expensive technologies. As such, short-service hoses are applied in the offshore industry. The industry has utilised composites to improve the material and solve different offshore issues. This study analyses a current problem facing the oil and gas industry at present regarding hose usage. This paper presents results from the local design and analyses of a marine bonded composite hose (MBCH), to present its result visualisations and nephographs. In this paper, the local design of a 1 m section of an MBCH was carried out in ANSYS under different loading conditions. Some design criteria were set, and other load conditions were used to simulate the model using the finite element model (FEM) approach. From this study, composites could be considered to improve conventional marine hoses. The findings of the study include the identification of linear wrinkling and damage sites on the helix reinforcement. An experimental investigation and proper content test are recommended for the bonded hose. Additionally, highly reinforced hose ends are recommended in the ends of the MBCH, as they had maximum stress and strain values. It is recommended that hose operations like reeling must be conducted under operational pressure and not design pressure, as the study shows that the design pressure could be high on the hose model.

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Effect of Seawater Ageing on Fracture Toughness of Stitched Glass Fiber/Epoxy Laminates for Marine Applications

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Seawater absorption properties and equilibrium for carbon fiber reinforced epoxy autonomous underwater vehicle hull at 1000m depth

Seawater absorption properties and equilibrium for carbon fiber reinforced epoxy autonomous underwater vehicle hull at 1000m depth

Review of Composite Marine Risers for Deep-Water Applications: Design, Development and Mechanics

Numerical Modelling on the Local Design of a Marine Bonded Composite Hose (MBCH) and Its Helix Reinforcement

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