Effect of Seasonal Variations on Distribution of Parasites in Camels at Assiut Locality

Abd-Elmaleck, Barakat Shehata

doi:10.4172/2157-7579.1000279

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…of studiesHost c No. of studies per hostDetection methodsReferencesAfricaAlgeria2Camel1Stained blood smear[89]Horse1Unspecified microscopic method[90]Chad1Camel1HCT and PCR[91]Egypt13Buffalo1CATT[82]Camel10Stained blood smear, mouse inoculation, CATT, ELISA, Suratex, Latex, thymol turbidity, PCR[1, 77, 92–99]Cattle2ELISA, PCR[100, 101]Goat1Stained blood smear, CATT, PCR[96]Sheep1Stained blood smear, CATT, PCR[96]Human1Stained blood smear, ELISA[77]Ethiopia a 8Camel8Stained blood smear, HCT, CATT, ITL, PCR[83, 102–108]Cattle1HCT, CATT, PCR[83]Donkey1CATT, ITL, PCR[83]Goat1HCT, CATT, ITL, PCR[83]Horse1PCR[83]Mule1PCR[83]Sheep1HCT, CATT, ITL, PCR[83]Ghana b 1Tsetse fly1PCR[30]Kenya9Camel9HCT, mouse inoculation, CATT, ELISA, Suratex, Latex, IHA, PCR[13, 109–116]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi

et al. 2019

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BackgroundSurra is an animal trypanosomosis, caused by infection with Trypanosoma evansi and leading to severe economic loss due to mortality and morbidity. Compared to tsetse-transmitted animal trypanosomoses, little attention is given to the epidemiology and control of surra. Understanding its epidemiology is a first step in local and global efforts to control the disease. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies on distribution, host ranges and prevalence of T. evansi infection.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched for publications on T. evansi that met our inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Subsets of publications were subjected to meta-analysis for the pooled prevalence of T. evansi in various hosts as determined by multiple detection methods.ResultsA total of 272 references published between 1906–2017 were included. Trypanosoma evansi was reported from 48 countries; largely confined to Africa and Asia with publications on natural T. evansi infections from 77% (n = 48) of countries, contrasting with seven countries in South America, and four in Europe where T. evansi is not endemic but was imported with infected animals. Although surra is a notifiable disease, many countries do not report surra cases to OIE. Trypanosoma evansi was mainly reported from dromedary camels in Africa and the Middle East, water buffaloes, cattle, dogs and horses in East and Southeast Asia. In South America, the acute form of the disease was reported in horses and dogs. Surra was also reported in a wide range of wild animals. Some rare human cases occurred in India and Vietnam. Meta-analysis on a subset of 165 publications indicated pooled prevalence of T. evansi in domestic animals ranging from 14–31%, 6–28% and 2–9% using respectively antibody detection, molecular and parasitological tests, with camels as the most affected, followed by buffalo and cattle.ConclusionsThis study illustrates that T. evansi affects a wide range of domestic and wild animals in Africa, Asia and South America with highest prevalence observed in dromedary camels. For successful control of T. evansi, both locally and globally, the role of wild animals in the epidemiology of surra needs further investigation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3311-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi

et al. 2019

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“…Seasonal and climatic variations have an important influence on vertebrate parasitic diseases worldwide (Elmaleck, 2015; Rondón et al ., 2017; Short et al ., 2017), including those affecting domestic carnivores like cats (Okoye et al ., 2013; Beugnet et al ., 2014). This climatic influence enables the transmission and maintenance of parasitic species in certain places or even restricts their spread to other regions in the same country (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small islands as potential model ecosystems for parasitology: climatic influence on parasites of feral cats

Fernández¹,

Santana-Hernández

Rodríguez-Ponce

2022

J. Helminthol.

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The influence of climate on parasite distribution has been demonstrated in different regions worldwide. Despite its small size, Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) constitutes a ‘biodiversity laboratory’ due to the huge climatic differences between municipalities. Feral cats may represent a threat to biodiversity due to their predatory behaviour. In addition, they may be a source of pathogens zoonotic to humans. To study the climatic/seasonal influence and prevalence of feral cat parasites throughout the island, a total of 290 stool samples from 29 feral cat colonies were analysed following standard concentration protocols (sodium chloride, formol-ether and zinc sulphate). In total, 13 feline parasitic taxa were found, with the most common species being Ancylostoma spp., which, together with Toxocara spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Giardia spp., are considered a concern for human health. Nematodes were the most common parasites in all areas. Nematodes and protozoans were significantly more prevalent in temperate mild (75.0% and 30.0%) than in dry desert areas (29.3% and 18.7%). In contrast, cestodes were significantly more prevalent in dry desert than in temperate mild areas (26.0% and 13.3%). Only protozoans exhibited statistically significant seasonal patterns, mostly in the wet season. Data reported in this study endorse the usage of small and diverse islands such as Gran Canaria to study the climatic influence on parasitic communities in wild/feral animals. Cat colonies require better management to reduce their threat to endemic wildlife, domestic animals and public health, being invasive species that harbour zoonotic parasites.

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Effect of Seasonal Variations on Distribution of Parasites in Camels at Assiut Locality

Cited by 2 publications

References 18 publications

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi

Systematic review and meta-analysis on the global distribution, host range, and prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi

Small islands as potential model ecosystems for parasitology: climatic influence on parasites of feral cats

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