Effect of Saturated Fatty Acid Consumption on Energy and Nutrient Intake and Blood Lipid Levels in Preschool Children

Abstract

In this article the effects of saturated fatty acid (SFA) consumption on energy and nutrient intake, and on a range of serum lipid parameters (indicators of cardiovascular risk) are reported in a group of 110 preschool children. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: high consumption (HC), in which ≧13% (20th percentile) of total energy came from SFAs, and low consumption (LC), in which SFAs provided <13% of energy intake. Food intake was monitored for 7 consecutive days. At participating day care centers, a ‘precise individual weighing’ method was used, while a ‘food intake record’ was kept for foods taken at home. At the blood level it was found that HC subjects showed higher HDL-cholesterol levels and better HDL-cholesterol/LDL-cholesterol ratios than did LC subjects. The greater intakes of riboflavin, iodine, zinc, magnesium and calcium seen in HC subjects suggest that these may have a better nutritive status (with respect to certain nutrients) than LC subjects. The development of criteria for providing the greatest protection against cardiovascular disease, while maintaining good nutritive condition, should be the subject of future studies. This is especially important in children of preschool age since nutritional deficiencies at this stage in life can have important effects on growth and health.

Saturated fat in the diet of Spanish children: relationship with anthropometric, alimentary, nutritional and lipid profiles

“…Even so, the average vitamin A intake in both cases was well above the minimum recommended. These observations are consistent with the fact that, except for dairy products, the LL children have higher intakes of almost all food groups, particularly fruits and vegetables, as has been previously observed 9,39 . While intervention studies are fairly consistent with these results, perhaps because of the strict supervision of their subjects, observational studies are not.…”

“…In a nutritional educational study carried out with 4-to 10-year-old-children, the children who most reduced their fat intake had lower intakes of vitamins D and E and lower consumption of dairy products, fatty foods and oils 40 . In our study, as in the Madrid study 9 , the intakes of vitamins D and E were higher in the LL children. Although the LL children consumed fewer dairy products, these differences could be explained because the consumption of blue fish and olive oil -foods rich in vitamin D and E, respectively -was higher in this group.…”

Raised serum homocysteine levels in patients of coronary artery disease and the effect of vitamin B12 and folate on its concentration

“…In our study, although there is an apparent correlation between low folate and high homocysteine, the values were not statistically significant (Table 3). There are many studies, which shows higher homocysteine levels with low intake of vitamin B12 (20,21,22). In our study, there is an inverse correlation between homocysteine and vitamin B12 which is statistically not significant (Table 2).…”

Caracterização dos estudos de avaliação do consumo alimentar de pré-escolares

“…Três estudos utilizaram métodos para verificar a acurácia dos instrumentos de coleta em estimar a ingestão real 30,40,44 , sendo que Muñoz et al 40 encontraram uma freqüência de 10% de subestimação do consumo em crianças americanas menores de 12 anos.…”

“…Rev. Nutr., Campinas, 19(6):713-727, nov./dez., 2006 Revista de Nutrição ANEXO CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS ARTIGOS SOBRE CONSUMO ALIMENTAR DE PRÉ- ESCOLARES, 1997ESCOLARES, -2005 Munõz et al 40 Assis et al 18 Dennison et al 39 Bollella et al 45 Briley et al 9 Yuyama et al 47 Ramakrishna et al 11 Takyi et al 37 Khandait et al 26 Goodwin et al 33 Atkin et al 48 Leung et al 15 Leung et al 16 Soares et al 14 Wyatt et al 40 Araújo et al 27 Cruz et al 49 Lacerda et al 21 Cowin et al 20 Hotz & Gibson 13 Ortega et al 44 Rogers et al 19 Bosscher et al 53 Northstone et al 17 Rev. Nutr., Campinas, 19 Zohouri et al 30 Heath et al 12 Rampersaud et al 10 Spinelli et al 50 Holland & Szarfac 51 Marinho…”