Effect of SARS-CoV-2 on glycemic control in post-COVID-19 diabetic patients

Abstract

Aim: To study the clinicodemographic profile, outcomes, and post-COVID change in glycemic control among treated COVID-19-infected patients with poorly controlled or well-controlled diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Adult COVID-19-infected patients who tested positive with rapid antigen test or RT-PCR admitted were included in this prospective observational study. Patients were divided into well-controlled and poorly controlled diabetes group based on HbA1c values at admission. Telephonic follow-up and HbA1c estimation was done after three months. Clinical and laboratory investigations performed were compared between both groups. Hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality risk in both well-controlled and poorly controlled COVID-19 patients with DM was done by Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Out of 260 patients, 140 (53.84%) and 120 (46.15%) were poorly and well-controlled diabetics respectively. One hundred sixty-three patients (62.69%) were male, and the mean age was 52.67 ± 15.69 years. Severity, duration of hospital stay, steroid duration, insulin requirement and mean HbA1C, both at admission and after three months, were significantly higher in poorly controlled group than the well-controlled group ( P < 0.005). With increase in age, the HR for all-cause mortality increased by 1.15 times (95% CI, 1.05–1.25; P = 0.0025) in well-controlled than poorly controlled group, whereas with increase in FBS at admission, the HR for all-cause mortality increased by 1.03 times in poorly controlled than well-controlled group (95% CI, 1.01–1.06; P = 0.0044). Conclusion: Our results show that well-controlled blood glucose levels or improved glycemic control are associated with a better outcome in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Prothrombotic status in COVID‑19 with diabetes mellitus (Review)

“…diseases and hypertension have a demonstrated higher risk for developing severe complications from COVID-19 (2).…”

“…COVID-19 has a significant clinical range, most of the cases are presented with slight or no symptoms but severe cases can lead to severe pneumonia, multiple organ failure and death. Elderly individuals with underlying conditions, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases and hypertension have a demonstrated higher risk for developing severe complications from COVID-19( 2 ).…”