Effect of sarpogrelate, a selective 5-HT 2A receptor antagonist, on characteristics of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes

Effect of cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase‐3 inhibitor, on coronary artery stenosis and plaque characteristics in patients with type 2 diabetes: ESCAPE study

“…12,21 Previous studies have reported slight aggravation of atherosclerosis in ASA-treated groups, 12,21 but significant improvement in carotid intima-medial thickness in CTZ-treated groups. 12,21 Previous studies have reported slight aggravation of atherosclerosis in ASA-treated groups, 12,21 but significant improvement in carotid intima-medial thickness in CTZ-treated groups.…”

“…For the power calculation, because no studies have used CTZ specifically for the primary prevention of CAD, we referred to previous studies that investigated the efficacy of ASA for improving coronary atherosclerosis and of CTZ for improving carotid atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM. 12,21 Previous studies have reported slight aggravation of atherosclerosis in ASA-treated groups, 12,21 but significant improvement in carotid intima-medial thickness in CTZ-treated groups. 12 Based on these results, we assumed a 5% improvement with an SD of 5% in the CTZ group, and 2.5% improvement with an SD of 2.5% in the ASA group after the 1-year treatment for coronary atherosclerosis as conservative estimates.…”

Ca2+ Flux: Searching for a Role in Efferocytosis of Apoptotic Cells in Atherosclerosis

“…Thus, prevention of L-type Ca 2+ channels by nifedipine in patients with CAD has led to increased endothelial function and, subsequently, also decreased, though not significantly, the atherosclerotic plaque size in patients with CAD [165]. Moreover, several clinical trials have investigated directly or indirectly the effects of some intervention, related to Ca 2+ , for the treatment of atherosclerosis, as summarized in Table 2 [155,157,158,161,164,165]. For example, in coronary patients undergoing percutaneous intervention, treatment with nifedipine (30-60 mg/day), on top of a statin, for 24 months improved coronary endothelial function [165].…”

“…Matsumoto et al investigated the administration three oral doses of atreleuton (25 mg, 50 mg, or 100 mg), a lipoxygenase inhibitor, in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome and found that the use of this drug slowed plaque development [158]. A study by Lee et al examined the effects of sarpogrelate, a selective 5-HT 2A receptor antagonist, at a dose of 300 mg/day combined with aspirin 100 mg/day or aspirin 100 mg/day alone for 6 months in 40 diabetic patients with 10-75% coronary artery stenosis [157]. The results of this study showed no significant change in severity of CAD when assessed by determining the Ca 2+ score, maximal stenosis, and plaque volume (calcified vs. noncalcified).…”

“…The volumes of plaques were reduced in the "sarpogrelate + aspirin" group compared to the aspirin monotherapy group. Thus, sarpogrelate treatment may decrease coronary artery plaque volume, mainly the noncalcified portion, in patients with diabetes [157].…”